Social Sciences

This article study believes of the birth and the new born. Some of them tell us how to support and take care of a pregnant woman and some believes tell us how to recognize whether the fetus is boy or girl. They believe according to child behavior and appearance, they can predict child future. Doing magic and resorting to wizardry for preventing the bad event which may happen to the mother and the newborn in this research is so noticeable.

The study was designed to examine the students’ satisfaction with the existing facilities provided by their university. Main objective of the study was to weigh students satisfaction related with skills based educational experience, university resource and personal development. The population of study was comprised of public university. Random sampling technique was used to draw representative sample from the population and sample size was 100. A questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. The questionnaire was comprised of 30 questions which were categorized into four categories to measure students satisfaction related to areas of skills development, university resources, educational experiences and personal development. The collected data was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted in the light of objectives of the study. Results revealed that students are overall satisfied with university resource, than other variables of satisfaction. Most of the students are satisfied with the aspect of university resources which includes library resources, use of AV aids, internet and computer facilities, photocopy shop and parking.

The launch of Free Primary Education (FPE) in Kenya in 2003 resulted to high enrolment of pupils in primary schools. However only a small proportion of those pupils who completed standard eight enrolled in form one due to lack of school fees which was a burden to many parents. In January 2008 the Government of Kenya declared Tuition Free Secondary Education (TFSE) in all public secondary schools in the country in order to cope with the high number of pupils completing standard eight. As expected, this led to a large number of students enrolling for secondary education. Despite the government input, reports from many parts of the country revealed that shortage of school facilities, instructional materials, teacher staffing and head teachers with good administrative skills among other challenges made it difficult to achieve the objectives of TFSE that is increased level of student enrolment, progression from one class to next and completion. The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers’ perceptions on the influence of school facilities on implementation of TFSE in public secondary schools in Wareng Sub-County, Kenya. The study used descriptive survey research design. The target population was 34 head teachers and 452 teachers. A sample of 195 respondents was drawn consisting of 14 head teachers and 181 teachers. Stratified proportionate random sampling technique was used to select head teachers while random sampling was used to select teachers from the schools whose head teachers were selected. The study established that more students were able to attend school as a result of tuition free secondary education though this stressed the available resources in schools. The study therefore recommends sourcing for more funds to cater for more school facilities. It is hoped that the findings of this study will help the Ministry of Education, the County Government and communities around the schools to deploy appropriate resources and policy programs to be used to ensure successful implementation of TFSE.

This research examines the effectiveness of multi sensory approach for the purpose of improving the knowledge on English Letter Identification and among mild intellectual disabled students in the state of Kuwait. The discussion in this study is based on the multisensory approach that could be applied in the teaching of reading skills as well as phonemic awareness skills which could enable the students to acquire the early skills of reading. A total of 20 respondents were involved in the process of gathering data through the quantitative study method, which compromises of male and female mild intellectual disabled students. A pretest-postest method was applied in order to examine the effectiveness of the multisensory approach that could make it possible for them to identify the letters and its sounds. T test for the paired sample was used to figure out the significant differences between the pretest and posttest scores achieved by the students. The findings of the study showed the effect of the multi sensory approach in the teaching process of identifying the English letters and, which at the same time pave a way for the students to apply the mentioned skills in their learning process to read. This study is also significant for schools, centers, and institutes that are involved in the field of special education. Finally, it is considered as a road map to enable the students to learn and acquire the early skills of reading.

: Now days Culture has become one of the factors that create effects on the performance of the students through four skills and discussing its relationship with one of these skills is a controversial issue. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether there is any significant relationship between intercultural intelligence (known as CQ) awareness and reading proficiency (RP). The participants were 250 Azad University students of English translation with the same level of proficiency but different genders. To this end, the participants first were provided with CQ questionnaire by (Ang et al., 2007) and vocabulary tests which was developed by Paul Nation taken from his website as well as a reading proficiency test developed by Sadeghi and Everatt (submitted). The results of the present paper indicates that there is no significant relationships between cultural intelligence band score and reading proficiency, however a significant relationship among metacognitive factors as one of the four important sub-categories of cultural intelligence was evident. When looking into vocabulary, while a positive significant correlation with CQ band score was found, again similar to the reading proficiency skills a significant relationship between vocabulary knowledge and metacognitive factors was evident. The fact that the results show no correlation between either reading proficiency skills or vocabulary knowledge with cognitive factor represented in the questionnaire needs further research. Key terms: cultural intelligence, culture, reading, proficiency, vocabulary

Obesity is now a common childhood disease and is widely acknowledged as having become a global epidemic. There are well-recognized health consequences of childhood obesity, both during childhood and adulthood, affecting health and psychological welfare. Childhood obesity is a risk factor for adult morbidity and mortality, independent of body mass index (BMI) in adulthood, family history of cardiovascular disease or cancer, and smoking. The present study was designed with the objectives to study contributing factors of childhood obesity like genetic, environmental, behavioral, metabolic, biochemical and social factors and its relationship. Hence, this research investigates the most contributing / impactful factor of childhood obesity using Induced Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (IFCMs). IFCMs are a fuzzy-graph modeling approach based on expert’s opinion. This is the non-statistical approach to study the problems with imprecise information.

The purpose of this study, the effectiveness of therapy play on social skills development in the district of Qasr-e Shirin was in the sixth grade students. Quasi-experimental methods, experimental and control groups, and using pre-test - post-test. The subjects, who were 40 in the sixth grade students, multi-stage cluster sampling from three schools of Qasr-e Shirin district, was selected in 2015, and in the experimental group and control group. Measuring devices in this study were social skills Gresham & Elliot, form teacher. The study design was conducted 12 sessions on experimental group, but the control group received no intervention, and one month later, the test was performed on both groups. Data were analyzed using independent t test, the results showed that, post_ the growth of social skills, including cooperation, self-discipline and assertiveness were made. The results showed that the functional role of therapy play is the development of social skills of students. The results of usability, and effectiveness of therapy play, social skills training and development of students, confirms.

In a typical class room with students of different learning styles and influences due to cultural or social factors, monitoring the individual student can be enhanced by going through their interaction with each other through a collaborative learning approach. We propose a model of two types of collaborations. The first allows dynamical grouping driven by the students’ performance within heterogeneous (mixing high, medium, low marks achievers) or homogeneous (similar marks achievers). The second type consists of static groups (the students agreed to form fixed groups, not moving from one group to another group). We have applied the two types of model in constructing the knowledge for Java coding for application development through collaborative learning process in which each student has a more or less equal role in bringing out the outputs for the laboratory exercises. Our results prove that the static groups have significant effect in spite of the presence of extra encouragement for participating in dynamic grouping. This result establishes, especially in the context of rural learners in, the evidence of gaining educational benefits from the social interactions and cultural factors.

The present study was aimed to analyze the relationship between occupational stress and organization citizenship behavior of academic staff working in Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan. Qualitative and quantitative approaches have been used to explore the relationship of occupational stress and organization citizenship behavior by using a sample of 240 academic staff of public sector institutions of higher education located in Islamabad, Pakistan. Data were collected through personal visit to the offices of academic staff. Two research instruments i.e. Occupational Stress Inventory–revised (OSI-R) and OCB inventory by Podsakolf and Mackenzie were used to collect data. For data analysis Pearson Correlation was applied. Data analysis revealed that significant negative relationship was found in responses of academic staff regarding occupational stress and organization citizenship behavior.

Economic growth is the core power to promote and shape the urbanization development, which helps to promote the economic development and social progress in ethnic regions of China Ecological civilization focuses on improving the relationship and ending the confrontation, separation, mutual exclusion and conflict between man and nature, ethnic regions of China should promote the construction of ecological civilization from multiple aspects and realize sustainable development. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is one of five ethnic regions of China; the urbanization in Xinjiang is unique in its functions, layout, dynamic mechanism, realizing path, and system background. Thus, it is necessary to select different paths according to different local conditions, to achieve multiple functions of economic development, ecological security and social stability.