Social Sciences

Satisfaction as one of the most important principles of public participation in rural development is considered, this research was done for study the Effect of Social and economic impact in improving of rural administrators performance for rural residents satisfaction. in this study bases Social of individuals in three dimensions, age, education and social stratification, and economic base in two dimensions, revenue and jobs in improving the performance of rural administrators for rural residents satisfaction were examined. Research methodology was based on descriptive -Analytical methods and parametric tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Means Plots and Independent simplest test by use SPSS software. Questionnaire measuring tool for collection the data from 267 households sample from 11 villages was used, which samples were selected by using of Cochran formula through simple random sampling method. The findings showed that between total Social base factors (age, education and social stratification); four rural administrators in 40-30 years age of rural administrators group, and with 3.20 average, two rural administrators with bachelor's degree and 3.32 average and seven rural administrators in upper stratum of society with 2.95 average and economic base in earnings dimension according to Leuven test (because Fisher’s significance level was lower than 0.05), in dimension of job, except administrators, the most additive effect was related to performance of administrators; according to significant level (more than 5%) performance of rural administrators had a decreasing effect in performing their duties to the satisfaction of rural residents and finally in analysis of general performance of rural administrators bases on rural resident’s view according to Anova test, Bagher Abad-e- Olia, Tang-e- Shohan-e- Olia and Siahkhor villages had a best performance with 3.45, 3.18 and 3.02 average respectively, and in lower ranking, Anjyrak and Gorgi villages had a lower performance between villages of Hassan Abad rural zone for satisfaction of rural residents with 2.7 and 2.47 means respectively.

Previous perspectives have indicated that self disclosure is an indication of intimate relationships. The high incidence of broken homes, non working and unhealthy interpersonal relationships, and multiple partners menace among adolescents around the world, in the recent times require that concerted efforts be geared towards an understanding of the root causes of this problem. This is particularly so because children of such broken homes are often mal-adjusted and constitute problems to the society. This study therefore examined the effects of sexual self esteem and sexual self assertiveness on sexual self disclosure among heterosexual adolescents in Nigeria. A sample of 172 Nigeria undergraduate students randomly selected from among the undergraduate students of the University of Ado Ekiti, Nigeria; whose mean age is 28.2 was used. Four hypotheses were tested and it was found out that sexual self esteem is not a significant factor affecting sexual self disclosure [F(1) 164 = .311, P>.05 ]. It was also revealed that sexual self assertiveness is a significant factor affecting sexual self disclosure [F(1) 164 = 16.594, P<.05]. And it was found out that there is no significant interaction effect of sexual self esteem and sexual self assertiveness on sexual self disclosure among heterosexual adolescents in Nigeria [F(1) 164 =.456, P>.05]. No significant relationship was also found between sexual self esteem and sexual self assertiveness [r(168) =.060, P>.01]. The findings were discussed in light of available literature and it was recommended that sexuality education should be included in schools curricular to enhance the acquisition of sexual life skills for the communication of sex related issues and boost a healthy sexual and interpersonal relationships.

Implementation of generic skill in co-curriculum activities among student is to enable the country to realize National Education Philosophy in the context of producing student balanced in term of physical, emotional, spiritual, intellectual and social which will be more competitive in the advent of a borderless world. Therefore, the direction of this writing is to unravel the relationship between curriculums with generic skills in producing high-quality graduates.

The central aim of this study was to investigate the comparative effect of process-oriented approach vs. product-oriented approach in teaching ESP writing within the specific domain of banking English in-service training. The forty participants of the present study were selected from among 50bank staff taking part in upper intermediate level of banking English courses held in the educational department of Export Development Bank of Iran. Following the treatment, which lasted 8 weeks, two 90-minute sessions per week, altogether 24 hours of instruction, a post test of ESP writing, which was the same the pretest, was administered to the learners of both experimental groups. The outcome of the posttest data analysis clarified that both product and process-oriented approaches significantly affect the improvement in the ESP writing ability of the in-service trainees taking part in an ESP course of banking English writing. Meanwhile, it was revealed that the process-based group outperformed the product-based group on the posttest of ESP writing indicating that there was a significant difference between the two groups’ mean scores on the posttest of ESP writing. It was thus concluded that there was a significant difference between process-oriented and product-oriented approaches in teaching ESP writing to the banking English in-service training students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that hinder the effective selection and use of recommended instructional practices in Citizenship Education through History and Government at the secondary school level. The study adopted qualitative research with a multiple case study design. Data was collected using observation schedule, interview schedule and focus group discussion guide. Data was analyzed using grounded theory and constant comparative technique. The study findings indicate that, inadequacy in instructional resources has a major effect on the selection and use of recommended instructional practices in Citizenship Education. The study thus recommends for an endeavor by the government, school administration and History and Government teachers in the availing of adequate instructional resources.

Higher education has a strategic role in empowering women and in achieving gender equity. However, the increasing of women participation in higher education does not automatically extend and transform into the enhancement of women?s access and benefits from development. The purpose of this article is to explore gender issues and strategies of gender mainstreaming in higher education. It contributes to the analyzing of concepts and the implementation of power in organizational structure and practices in revealing the complexity of gender inequality in higher education. The intertwined of organizational, institutional and market significantly affect the realization of gender equality in higher education.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether training and feedback had any effect on the errors in descriptive and argumentative writing of Iranian EFL learners. 60 females upper_ intermediate Iranian learners in English Hermes language Institute participated in this study. The participants were selected via preliminary English Test (PET). The learners were placed into two groups serving the Experimental Group (N=30) that received training and feedback, and the Control Group (N=30) that received score. The learners are homogenous English proficiency level and they were randomly assigned to Experimental and Control groups. Both groups were pretested at the outset of the study. A unified post _ test was administered at the end of the experiment. The results of an independent samplest_ test revealed a significant difference between training and focused feedback on the numbers of errors in the descriptive and argumentative writing.

The French Enlightenment of 18th century was the spiritual successor of Descartes’ rationalism and English empiricism. It gave the main inspiration to the radical political and cultural changes in whole Europe. Descartes himself escaped to draw possible logical consequences from his philosophical method in the field of moral and politics. But subsequent development of suggested method of critical inquiry soon raised suspicion not only to the existing scientific knowledge, but also to all forms of social beliefs and institutions. Very soon the critical reasoning spread over the European continent influencing all people who considered themselves progressive and modern. Different kind of followers united the idea of Reason and the power of new knowledge.

The purpose of the study was to assess the peer acceptance of sensory challenged and non-disabled children in an inclusive education environment. A self structured tool developed by the investigator was used to assess the peer acceptance of sensory challenged and non-disabled children. Purposive sampling procedure was used to select the schools catering to the educational needs of both sensory challenged and non-disabled children attending inclusive schools in Bangalore city. 100 sensory challenged and 100 non-disabled children aged between 10-15 years were selected for the study. The research design included a quasi experimental design. Data collected was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The post assessment data revealed that the intervention programme had a positive influence on peer acceptance of sensory challenged and non-disabled children in an inclusive education environment.

This study examines the relationship between socio economic and demographic factors on the child health status by employing Logistic Regression Model. For this the data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2006-07 was utilized. Education affects the capacity and the behaviors of the people living in the various regions along with some other explanatory variables. It was found that child’s health depends directly or indirectly on parental education and health acquiring activities. Parents with improved social status, protected source of water and access towards health services had better status of their child health. Death rate of child was found high among children of small aged mothers. Increase in birth space diminishes the chances of death and sickness of child. First order births faced great risk of death and sickness. Health care matter like maternal and fetal care in expecting period, delivery place and person who assisted during child birth also impact child physical condition. Research study suggested that Literacy rate should be enhanced to develop the understanding about reproductive health and to optimise the use of accessible health resources. Training and skills should provide to traditional birth attendants and enhance their contacts with professional health staff.