Applied Chemistry

Ionically conducting polymer electrolytes are important materials for practical applications in solar cells, high energy density solid-state batteries, super capacitors, fuel cells, sensors and electrochemical devices. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been attracting intensive interest for scientific research and industrial applications owing to their low fabrication cost, environmentally friendly operation and relatively high efficiency. In order to improve the efficiency of DSSCs, many efforts on modification of polymer gel electrolyte have been made through synthesizing new polymers or adding inorganic nanofillers. Hence, we report on the synthesis of polymer nanocomposite electrolyte consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone-polyethylene glycol (PVP-PEG)/nano ZnO/KI/I2. Zinc oxide nanoparticle synthesized by sol-gel method is used as inorganic nanofiller. Polymeric nanocomposite electrolyte was prepared by blending polymer with ZnO nanoparticle using solution-casting technique. The property of nanocomposites depends mainly on the chemistry of polymer matrices. The dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymer matrices is a general prerequisite for achieving desired mechanical and physical properties. ZnO nanoparticles and polymer nanocomposite were characterised by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). The effect of structural modification of material on conductivity of polymer and its composite was evaluated and compared by SEM and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The polymer nanocomposite electrolyte synthesised have its practical application in the fabrication of DSSC.

Benzimidazoles and their derivatives play very important role in the medical field with useful therapeutic activities like antiviral, anti-histaminic, anticancer, antiulcer, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antifungal, and antimicrobial activity. The most prominent benzimidazole compound in nature is N-riosyldimethylbenzimidazole, which serves as an axial ligand for cobalt in vitamin B12. The potency of these useful derivatives in treatment of microbial infections encouraged the development of some more potent and pharmacologically efficient compounds. This review summarizes the synthesis of different derivatives of benzimidazole and their biological activities.

Some new chalcones, 2-4 bis (tetrahydro - 1,4-oxazine)-6-[4'-{3''-(substituted phenyl) -2''-propenon-1''-yl} phenyl amino]-s-triazine (6a-f) have been achieved by the reaction between 2-4-(bis- tetrahydro- 1,4-oxazine) -6-(4'-acetylphenylamino)-s-triazine (5) and different aromatic aldehydes, which on cyclisation with hydrazine hydrate in presence of acetic acid give acetyl pyrazolines (7a-f). Chalcones (6a-f) on cyclisation with guanidine hydrochloride in presence o f alkali give aminopyrimidines (8a-f). The characterization of newly synthesised compounds has been done on the basis of IR, 1H NMR spectral data as well as elemental analysis. All the synthesised compounds have been screened for their antimicrobial activity.

Schiff bases (E)-4-chloro-2-((phenylimino)methyl)phenol, (E)-4-chloro-2-(((2-methoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol, (E)-4-chloro-2-(((4-chlorophenyl)imino)methyl)phenol, (E)-4-chloro-2-(((5-chloro-2-methylphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol were synthesized from 5-chlorosalicylaldehyde and substituted aniline. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, 1H, and 13C NMR. The antibacterial studies revealed that the compounds exhibit broad spectrum antibacterial activity against Escheriochia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium. The antibacterial activities was affected by the substituent on the aniline part.

1-amino-6-(furan-2-yl)-4-methylpyrimidine-2(1H)-thione (1) on reaction with acyl chloride (a-c) yieldsN-(6-(furan-2-yl)-4-methyl-2-thioxopyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)alkyl amide (2).The fusion of compound (2) with hydrazine hydrate yields 3-alkylethyl-6-(furan-2-yl)-8-methyl-9aH-pyrimido[1,2-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine(3a-c). The structures of all the compounds series (2a-c) and (3a-c) were characterized analytically. The compounds were also monitored for anti microbial activity.

A new heteropolyacid-based cation exchanger [Bismuth(III) tungstomolybdate (BTM)] has been synthesized and characterized using chemical stability, pH titration, distribution studies, thermal stability, FTIR, X-Ray analysis and TGA curve analysis. It exhibits 1.05 meq/g ion exchange capacity for sodium ions. The chemical stability of the material has been tested in acidic, neutral and basic media. Its distribution behaviour for nine metal ions has been studied. Ion exchanger column was used for binary separation and hardness causing metal ions removal.

The synthesis and Biological activity of 2,4,5-trimethoxy benzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone ligands have been reported. The Infrared and Elemental analysis have been assigned. The data agree quite well with the proposed structures. The group sensitive fundamentals are compared with those of similar molecules already reported in the literature. Ligand were screened for antimicrobial activities by the disc diffusion technique using DMSO as solvent. These Schiff base has been studied for their anti-bacterial ,anti-fungal, and anti oxidant activity. The antifungal activity of the said ligand has been screened against Aspergillus flavus, Asperjillus niger and Antibacterial activity tested against Vibrio harveyi , VibrioVulnificus, Escherichia Coli, Bacillus pumilus.The anti oxidant activity againt catalase assay.

New vanillin Schiff bases (A1-A6) have been prepared. The Schiff bases were synthesized via condensation of vanillin with various substituted anilines. Compounds A1-A4 came out as crystals of different colours while A5-A6 were obtained as thick viscous liquid. The organic compounds were characterized by IR spectra, UV/Visible spectra and melting points measurements. Purity of the new compounds was revealed by their sharp melting points. The coordination feasibility of the compounds was tested using compound A1 with Zn2+, Cu2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ salts.

This research was built to investigate the main role of phosphorylated sol-gel (PSG) to reduce the ignition problems of polyester fabric. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of the un-treated and treated samples were investigated. PSG material was played as protective shielding coat and improved the thermal behavior. FTIR analysis of the treated sample showed that there is a sort of interaction between the molecules of PSG and the fabric. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) for the lowest oxygen concentration needed to start the ignition showed also an improvement in the ignition retarding behavior due to this treatment. To increase the affinity of fibers towards PSG, the fabric surface was exposed to UV/Ozone for different periods. Exposuring samples for 90 min showed the best results comparing to other samples (irradiated for UV/Ozone for 0, 30 and 125 min). Ignition behavior (UL/94) was also applied on samples by using the flame chamber for determining the rate of burning. The results of UL/94 (according to ISO 3795) confirmed the ignition behavior results produced from the LOI

Electro polishing is defined as anodic corrosion. The issue of the effects of corrosion on structural integrity of metal surfaces has been a question of concern for some time. The uses of chemical corrosion inhibitors are common in production and processing operations. Nevertheless, the challenge is to develop a new class of corrosion inhibitors to protect the materials, due to the economic importance of copper there are several researches deals with acceleration and inhibition of this process. In this paper the electropolishing process inhibited with different ratio by the addition of some organic alcohols (methanol, ethanol,propanol, and isopropanol) by addition with concentration (2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 %) .The results reveal that these organic alcohols have a strongest inhibitive effect ranging from8. 7 – 53.8 % and the thermodynamic parameters were present.