Applied Chemistry

Synthesized a series of new Ni complexes by using Enrofloxacin and dicoumarol derivatives. Physico-chemical, spectroscopic and thermal properties of the complexes have been studied on the basis of infrared spectra, mass spectra, NMR spectra, electronic spectra, elemental analyses. All the compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus clavatus and Aspergillus niger. Ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of all complexes were measured. Also the compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis shows clear enhancement in the antitubercular activity upon Nickel complex.

Statistics show that the consumption of plastics has been increasing every year. To reduce environment waste plastic they must be recycled. Among the various types of recycling, pyrolysis in general, offers an environmentally attractive method to decompose wide spectrum of wastes, including waste plastics. Pyrolysis of plastic waste results in char, pyro oil and pyro gases. The derived oils may be used directly as fuel or added to petroleum refinery feed stock. The gases are also useful as fuel and solid char may be used as either smokeless and fuel or activated carbon or can be gasified for production of fuel gases. In this paper a detailed literature of pyrolysis of waste plastic materials is reviewed and the effect of process parameters on the yield of pyrolysis products was discussed.

Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Pd(II) complexes of the Schiff base, 6-methyl-3-[[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]imino}methyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-ol are synthesized and characterized by microanalysis, conductance, 1H NMR, infrared and electronic spectral measurements. The ligand coordinates through the chromenol O and imine N atoms to the metal ions, and the Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes are in the trans-isomeric form as shown by IR measurements. All the complexes form as [ML2]xH2O with the exception of the Mn(II) complex which analyzed as [MLNO3]H2O. Electronic measurements are indicative of a four coordinate, tetrahedral /square-planar geometry for the complexes and none is an electrolyte in nitromethane. The antibacterial studies reveal that the Schiff base and its Cu(II) complex exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with inhibitory zones range of 11.0-13.0 mm and 10.0-16.0 mm respectively. The cytotoxic study shows that the Cu(II) complex has the best in-vitro anticancer activity against both HT-29 (colon carcinoma) and MCF-7(human breast adenocarcinoma) cells with activities of about a half (17.02 ?M), and a fifth(9.78 ?M ) that of Cis-platin respectively.

An isocratic reversed phase stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay method was developed and validated for quantitative determination of Nicardipine hydrochloride in bulk drugs and the degradation products generated from forced decomposition. An isocratic, reversed phase HPLC method was developed to separate the drug from the degradation products, using an Waters Symmetry shield C18 (250 x 4.6)mm,5u column and the mobile phase containing the of mixture of triethylamine-phosphoric acid buffer (pH-3.5 by orthophosphoric acid, acetonitrile (35:65,v/v). The detection was carried out at wavelength 353 nm. The Nicardipine hydrochloride was subjected to stress conditions of hydrolysis (acid, base), oxidation (50 % H2O2).The degradation was observed for buclizine hydrochloride in base and negligible degradation observed 50 % H2O2. The mass balance was close to 100 in all the stress conditions. The degraded products were well resolved from main peak. The developed method was validated with respect to linearity, accuracy (recovery), precision, system suitability, selectivity, robustness and forced degradation studies prove the stability indicating ability of the method.

In this study, heavy metals Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd) and Selenium(Se) were determined to assess the pollution level of Opa Dam. The water of the dam and the liver, gills and fillet of six Momyrus rume and six Tilapia zilli were analyzed by AAS. The order of the metals in the water and fillets of (M. rume and T. zilli) were Pb>Ni>Se?Cd>Hg, Ni>Pb>Se?Cd?Hg and Ni>Pb>Se>Cd?Hg. Pb, Ni and Hg were higher above the standard permissible level (EPA2002, WHO2003,WPCL 2004 and SON 2007) in Opa Dam water while nickel was outrageous in the fillet above the FAO,1983 and WHO 1985 limit of heavy metals in fish food. Thus, the dam needs periodical monitoring for the safety of the fish consumers and for water usage.

An efficient, convenient and cost-effective method to synthesize 3,5-bis-(arylmethylidene)-tetrahydropyran-4-one derivatives using alum (KAl(SO4)2.12H2O) as catalyst was performed in aqueous media. This method has several advantages such as environmental friendliness, high yields and simple workup procedure.

The current research is focused on the need to find an economical adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. The research was performed to assess the potential of a biocarbon generated from medicinal plant called Phyllanthus niruri (Phyllanthaceae) as an adsorbent in the removal of heavy metals from solution. Results from batch adsorption studies on the effect of pH, contact time, different concentration of Cu metal ions were used to estimate the optimum adsorption conditions. The obtained results showed that, the adsorption of the metal ions was dependent on adsorbent dosage, contact time and pH. The optimum adsorbent dosage, and pH, was found to be at 2.5 g and pH 4.4 respectively. The effective contact time was 150min at 30 0C. The study also showed that activated carbon produced from Phyllanthus Niruri biomass can be efficiently used as low cost alternative for removal of metal ions.

This work investigates the phytochemical composition and anti-tussive effect of aqueous and alcoholic extract of Aneilema aequinoctiale. The phytochemical screening of the Aneilema aequinoctiale showed quantitatively the presence of alkaloids, saponin, steroid, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and tannins. The possible anti-tussive effects of the ethanolic and aqueous extract of the leaves, root, stem and whole plant of Aneilema aequinoctitale on Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pheumonia, Cryphtococcus neoformans and Streptococcus pneumonia were determined and compared. The extracts of the whole plant exhibited the widest inhibition zones followed by extracts of the leaves and stem, while the root extracts showed the least inhibition zones. The results are discussed with reference to the nutritional and medicinal values of the plant Aneilema aequinoctiale.

The biosorption is an effective and versatile method and can be easily adopted in low cost to remove heavy metals from large amount of industrial wastewaters. The biocarbon obtained from medicinal plant called Ocimum sanctum (Lamiaceae) is considered as a cheap materials for the removal of lead ions for aqueous solution. From batch biosorption studies, the effect of pH, contact time, different concentration of Pb(II) ions were used to estimate the optimum biosorption conditions. Removal efficiency of the biocarbon for Pb(II) ion in aqueous solution is maximum (87.5%) at pH 5.5. The effective contact time is 150min and the optimum biocarbon dose is 2.5g/100ml. The results indicate that, the percentage removal of metal ion increases progressively with the increase in amount of biocarbon dose. The activated biocarbon Ocimum sanctum was investigated as a replacement for the current expensive methods of removing metal ions from aqueous solutions.

Activated carbon was prepared from Sterculia quadrifida seed shell waste by Phosphoric acid activation. The adsorption of Acid Blue 92 and Direct Red 28 on this Phosphoric acid treated activated carbon was investigated to assess the possible use of this adsorbent for the processing of dyeing industry wastewater. The influence of various factors such as initial dye concentration, temperature and Particle size on the adsorption capacity has been studied. Kinetic data have been studied using Pseudo-first order, Elovich model and Pseudo-second order equations for understanding the reaction mechanism.