Marketing

The main objective of this study is to find out if Organizational characteristics intervene in the relationship between CRM and organizational performance in the Nigerian insurance industry. Relevant literature was reviewed and a model consisting of fourteen variables was conceptualized and tested by means of empirical data collected through a questionnaire survey. A total of one hundred and eighty (180) copies of questionnaires were administered, one hundred and forty nine (149) copies were duly completed and returned. This represents a response rate of 82.78%. Partial correlation was used to test the hypothesis. Findings show that there is a positive relationship between customer focused and customer satisfaction in the Nigerian insurance industry. Findings also show that Organizational characteristics intervene in the relationship between CRM and organizational performance in the Nigerian insurance industry. The study also shows that the strength of the intervention of companies’ image is stronger than that of branch network. The study recommended that insurance companies should pay more attention to their companies’ image and pay less attention to proliferation of branches.

The aim of conducting this research is to find out the impact of mutual funds, role of mutual funds on capital markets of Pakistan, Conventional Vs Islamic. In this paper we add several new perspectives to the growing body of empirical evidence on the investment performance of mutual funds. Risk-adjusted and unadjusted investment returns are not related to whether a fund is load or no-load, and asset size, expense ratios, and turnover rates are not related to investment performance. We find no reward for paying a load fee when investing in mutual funds. The majority of these research studies evaluate the performance of the funds according to classic measures, whereby different financial markets, in different countries for different periods of time serve as reference for evaluation. The ultimate conclusion of all of these studies is that there are no significant differences between the performance results of one type of funds and the other, on the other hand this study finds out the factors effecting the investment in mutual funds and measures the performance of mutual funds in capital markets through the models which are used worldwide to evaluate the performance, investment tendency in the area of mutual funds through portfolio (Risk-Return) Sharpe Measure and Treynor Measure. This research shows the relationship of Risk-Return characteristics either individual or institutional investor. The fact that more money is invested in active than passive funds despite the superior historical performance of the latter is “prima facie” evidence that most investors believe that some mutual fund managers have the ability to consistently beat the market. Explore the method of best point for investment through precise the risk and enhance the investment using some techniques which shows the favorable results for investments. Conduct this research we make the best point, which is much easier to take better decision for investment in capital market either sell or buy.

Environment is the sum of all social, economical, biological, physical (or) chemical factors which constitute the surroundings of Organisms. Due to global warming, green house gas emissions, pollution, and energy crisis, world is facing a severe threat of being a very difficult place to live in. Therefore, the marketers need to include a green approach in framing the marketing programs/ strategies. With regards to this the marketers now have to go green. It means that due care must be taken while framing the marketing plans, strategies and policies so as to prevent the environment and nature from any harm caused due to its operations not only today but also in future. Few business firms have also started turning ‘green’ and embracing green marketing practices to comply with green pressures and environmental legislation. According to Kangis (1992), green marketing must be more than either a green way of marketing, or the marketing of so-called green products. Green has to refer both to the method and to the product. This is why the very idea of green marketing needs considerable development and analysis, with rules and integrity in economic, scientific, academic and ethical terms. Consumers too have become more ecologically conscious and have started demanding green products, giving rise to a movement which has been dubbed as ‘green consumerism’. The outcome of this paper may trigger the minds of readers and marketer to give a thought current market Scenario and explores the challenges and opportunities businesses have with green marketing.

India is large population country; approximately 12.6 billion live in India. More population of India approximately 70% live in villages. So manufacturer huge focused on rural market. With more type of promotion manufacturer penetrate in this market. They clearly know that more sale generate more revenue. Now buyer /consumer are more conscious about product so they purchase anything very carefully. FMCGs (Fast moving consumer goods) are very short in life like daily uses thing like Beverages, bakery, sugar, detergent soap. FMCG are also called by consumer packaged goods. Although FMCGs product are non-durable goods buyer don’t think so much for purchase it. But presence of lot of competitor in this market, Buyer is always aware what he or she going to purchase. Buyer behavior and perception is very much affected on product. The objective of this paper analyze to buyer behavior towards FMCG product in rural markets. The paper also highlights the major FMCG products used by the consumers.

Recently, due to increasing developments in the IT and communication sector, developing countries have improved their economic and social growth to reduce the gap between themselves and developed countries. In these circumstances, electronic commerce as a new field of commerce plays an important role in the advancement of developing countries. Customers in different countries with various cultures behave differently when faced with electronic commerce. Hence, cultural factors of electronic commerce users must be investigated in order to understand their different behaviour. The model of this research is based on Hofstede’s national culture and attempts to explore the effect of national culture covering individualism - collectivism and uncertainty avoidance in increasing the internet shopping adoption rate in Iran. The research method is a combination of both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data are collected via questionnaires from 60 people in libraries and universities in Tehran. Also, the interview has been conducted with 15 people with different interests in online shopping. The collected data are analysed through descriptive statistics. “Pearson” is used to test the hypotheses of the study. The outcomes show that users with low uncertainty avoidance culture carry out online shopping more than users with high uncertainty avoidance culture in Iran. However, there is no significant difference in online shopping according to individualism and collectivism culture in Iran. Furthermore, the interaction between uncertainty avoidance and the individualism-collectivism culture is not significant with regard to online shopping.