Marketing

Fiscal policy assumes the life-wire, and most critically, of resource volatilized economies, it is facing specific challenges both in the start run as regards microeconomic stabilization and fiscal planning, and in the long run, as regards intergenerational equity and fiscal sustainability. The paper demonstrated the fiscal policy challenges faced by oil Exporting Countries (OECs) in the past, including volatile revenue structure, weak budget system and sending pattern which often have given rise to high inflationary pressure, poor investment and low growth profile. The aim was to identify the weakness in the fiscal policy of oil-rich economies and make empirical assessment of policy impact on their economic growth. The paper revealed that fiscal policy of OECs had not significantly impacted on their economic growth, with more negative influence generated by crude oil prices, which is indicative of serious fiscal volatility and risk. It also showed that inflation and government spending had increased tremendously in oil exporting countries during upswings in oil surpluses and oil prices, suggesting that fiscal policies of OECs tend to be largely driven by government budgets, with less private sector leadership and developed market economic initiative. There appeared to be lack of evidence that fiscal crude oil surpluses accruing to OECs over the years have impacted significantly on economic growth of OECs, and this is indicative of fiscal policy weakness in translating abundant oil revenue into sustainable economic growth. To make a positive policy outcome for sustainable economic development in oil exporting countries, the budget process must be effectively managed, with the aim to decoupling government spending from volatile oil revenue, and institutionalizing private sector-led growth economy. Keywords: fiscal Policy, Oil-exporting Countries, Inflation, Fiscal risk, Cyclicality, Benchmarking.

Consumer behavior analysis is based on consumer’s buying behavior. It aims at improving business performance through an understanding of the customer’s preferences and desires. In today’s world of growing competition where there are numerous brands selling the same products, consumers have an abundant number of choices and many diverse factors influence their buying behavior. The purpose of present paper is to compare and analyze the behavior of Dairy products consumers in Kermanshah and Kurdistan which addresses to the relationship between the aspects of consumers' behavior, demographical variables and their importance in each studied city. 92 individuals in Kermanshah and 102 individuals in Kurdistan were randomly sampled and accepted to answer. By measuring each index by determining variables which could measure them, we studied and compared both communities by using Kolmogorov – Smironov as well as Cramers V and Freedman tests. Research findings show that mental and personal factors in Kurdistan have more impacts on the behavior of processed meats than Kermanshah so that there is a significant difference between such factors in studied cities. In the meantime, it became clear that the importance degree of each behavioral aspect of consumers in Kurdistan and Kermanshah is somehow in harmony: 1. Personal factors, 2. Mental and hidden stimulant factors, 3. Social factors.

Retail outlet plays an important role in today’s context. Earlier, only some selected retail outlets were found with an exclusive range of products enjoying monopoly status. Now the trend has been changed and many sophisticated Retail shops and Mall with wide variety of products are seen everywhere. Maintaining Service quality is an inevitable tool for those retail outlets as it acts as a precursor for customer satisfaction and Loyalty. In India there have been a great successful brand both national as well as international brands and again it has been realize that brands are sustaining power to stay in the competitions. If we defined the customer satisfaction we can say “a qualitative measure of performance as defined by customer, which meet their basic requirements and standard.” Customer satisfaction is defined as “measure or determination that a product or services meet a customer’s expectation, considering requirement of both quality and service.” This paper attempts to analyze and compare the perceptions of customers towards service quality of reputed shopping Malls in Visakhapatnam District with a sample of 50 each from three retail outlets namely CMR shopping Mall, Big Bazar and Spencer Shopping Mall and totally of 150 respondents from the population selected randomly. Data from structured questionnaire was analyzed by using Percentage analysis, ANOVA and four point Likert scale.

To help the user to cope with such a variety of interfaces, instance types, and pricing models, cloud brokers have emerged as a powerful tool to serve as intermediary between end users and cloud providers. A cloud broker can provide a uniform interface independently of the particular cloud provider technology, can collect automatically information from providers (instance availability, prices, etc.), and can help cloud users to choose the right platforms when deploying their services across multiple clouds, also allowing them to switch between platforms to get the best conditions.

This article, through a qualitative and quantitative analysis, focuses on strategies that CEMEX has carried out to determine how they influence their dominance index or market power. The qualitative analysis is based on mergers and acquisitions; meanwhile, quantitative analysis is performed by means of calculations Herfindahl Hirschman Index and the Index of Dominance. Currently Cementos Mexicanos is the industry leader in building's materials with global presence as it produces markets and distributes cement in approximately 50 countries, maintaining business relationships with approximately 108 nations. Its main strategies are based on the expansion and acquisition of companies in the cement industry.

The paper examines Electronic Recruiting (e-Recruiting) Strategy and Corporate adoption in Nigeria. The objective of this paper is to empirically investigate the successes associated with adopting electronic recruiting strategy by corporations in Nigeria since many corporations have not adopted or accepted this form of strategy. The paper adopts the documentary and survey methods. The statistical tool adopted for this paper is the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient and the Pearson Product Moment Correlation with the aid of statistical package for social sciences. The paper finds that there is a significant relationship between website design and relative advantage; significant relationship between web design and complexity on corporate adoption in Nigeria, and that trust indicates an influence on the relationship between E-recruitment strategy and Corporate adoption in Nigeria. The paper recommends amongst others: improvement of service delivery to achieve efficient and effective web-based, e-recruiting; effective base for dataware houses; the recruiting website should be interactive, pleasing and user-friendly. The paper suggests that further studies should be carried on diffusion study of e-recruiting to identify the underlying determinants of the level of acceptance of this technology by corporations in Nigeria.

In recent times, Nigeria and most developing countries have witnessed an increase in malnutrition and health challenges. There are several natural sources/resources for attaining good nutrition for the achievement of good health; one of the scientifically proven resources is Moringa oleifera. Therefore, this study assessed consumers’ willingness to pay for health benefits of Moringa oleifera Products in Ogun State. A total of 150 respondents were interviewed in 2 Local Government Areas of the State which were purposively selected to reflect the three classes of consumers the study is interested in. Data were analyzed using Descriptive statistics and Logit regression model. The Contingent Valuation Method was used to determine the consumers’ willingness to pay for Moringa oleifera Leaf Powder and Moringa oleifera Seed. Results revealed that 54.0% of the respondents were females, 44.0% civil servants with a mean age of 42 years and mean monthly income of N106,607.00. Logit model revealed that bid (p<0.01), education (p<0.05), awareness level (p<0.01) and age (p<0.01) were significant determinants of willingness to pay for Moringa oleifera leaf powder while education, household size, awareness level and income were significant factors influencing willingness to pay for Moringa oleifera seed. The mean willingness to pay for 100g of Moringa oleifera leaf powder and seed was N610 and N517 respectively. The study concluded that majority of the respondents were willing to pay for Moringa oleifera products. The study therefore recommends that there is the need for enlightenment programmes to enhance consumer knowledge on advantages and health benefits of MOP consumption as well as design of empowerment programme target at increasing household income.

This study, entitled "Investigating the Effect of Emotional Intelligence on the success of business in marketing" was conducted with an overall objective and 5 sub-objectives in the Bou Ali industrial estate of Hamedan in 2013. This research is a descriptive-analytic study in the form of a causal - comparative survey. The research population is 180 individuals and includes all the managers and persons in charge in the manufacturing and service factories in Bu Ali industrial estate. The sample size was estimated at 123 by Cochran's formula and it was randomly selected. Data were analyzed through three questionnaires. One standardized Sybrya shrink EQ questionnaire with 33 questions and emotional intelligence two self-report questionnaires for marketing intelligence and marketing success, collecting using SPSS software version 19 and by multivariate regression. Face and content validity of three questionnaires were estimated and then assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which in all questionnaires was 70/0. Results showed that emotional intelligence had effect on the success of marketers and marketing firms. Accurate results suggest that the two self-awareness and self-control factors significantly correlate with the success of marketers and persons in charge of marketing firms. The other three factors of self-motivation, social awareness and social skills have no significant correlation with the variable of success of marketers and persons in charge of marketing firms. Also, between the two factors of self-awareness and self-control, self-control factor is more effective than the other.

One of the main issues that marketing managers are faced with it is decisions about the distribution of goods. Decisions about the structure of the distribution channel are important in at least in two dimensions. First, the decision has a direct effect on other marketing strategic planning decisions (including pricing policy, advertising, packaging, etc). Second, decisions regarding distribution channels require long-term commitment. It takes several years to be deployed a desired distribution system and can’t be changed easily. Distribution means delivering the product to the consumer at the right time and place. In marketing Association of America's definition distribution channel is the structure of the organizational units within the company and outside the company, brokers, wholesalers and retailers that market goods or services. Distribution channels always include the manufacturer and the final consumer, the main duty of distribution system is that place goods to potential customers in the right time and place. Today managers becoming more important due to the distribution issue, according to the distribution, physical distribution and management of it and the cost and interaction between analysis, planning, and control of service levels are physical tasks of distribution management. Companies achieve competitive advantages using distributed systems.

The issue of luxury consumption has received a great deal of interest among marketing scholars. However, little is known about how to optimize the market and manage consumer expectations with regard to this specific consumption context. Therefore, this study provides insights into how branding cues and need for uniqueness shape consumer luxury purchase intentions. Empirical data were collected by a questionnaire distributed toluxury furniture stores. The empirical results indicated that brand origin, brand image and need for uniqueness all have a significantly positive effect on consumer luxury purchase intentions. Moreover, brand image and brand origin were found to be a significant moderator between consumer’s need for uniqueness and luxury purchase intentions. The authors explore implications for theory and practice.