Finance

This research work is started to know the investors awareness towards commodity market. The study is made to find out the investors knowledge towards commodity market. The investors are provided detailed questionnaire to collect data, the data has been stored in an effective way to generate meaningful interpretation and findings. There are plenty of investment opportunities available to every investor in Erode district. In this study the researcher has used descriptive research design. The selection of sample is done in the commodity market offices, stock exchange terminals and banks which are giving investment advice to their clients. Some brokerage offices, insurance selling investment offices are the target group to select sample. Some investors are preferred to invest in equity shares, mutual funds, insurance schemes, real estate and derivative securities like currency futures, stock futures, index futures and commodity futures. Hence this study is started to test the investor’s awareness towards commodity market. Commodity trade ensures superior returns to the investors.

This study examines the impact of monetary policy on exchange rate movement in Nigeria over the period of 1981 to 2015. The data for the research was taken from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). Based on empirical analysis and econometrics technique, cointegration method was adopted to measure the long run relationship between exchange rate and the Monetary policy instrument such as money supply, Monetary policy rate, Treasury bill and Cash reserve ratio and the direction of causality between the variables using VECM Granger causality framework plus variance decomposition and impulse response for robust analysis. The result from Johansen’s estimation revealed that broad money supply, monetary policy rate and cash reserve ratio contributed positively and significant impact on exchange rate movement in Nigeria while 3-month Treasury bill has a negative but significant impact on the exchange rate movement. There is unidirectional relationship between broad money supply and exchange rate at 5% level of significance. There is no clear causal link between monetary policy rate and exchange rate movement in Nigeria. However, variance decomposition revealed that monetary policy rate contributed 0.3351% and 3.1298% in the short and long run. Treasury bill is negative and statistically significant which means that, a 1% increase will lead to 3.24% decrease (change) on exchange rate movement. Lastly, cash reserve requirement is positive and statistically significant. These results could be a guide to policy makers in analysing monetary policy instrument towards maintaining the strength of the naira. Government should pursue strategies that are designed to neutralize the effects of such practices as round tripping, over-invoicing and under-invoicing which have characterized the activities of the banking sectors in the recent years. Lastly, foreign exchange control policies should be adopted in order to help in determination of appropriate exchange rate value. This will go a long way of strength the naira

Whether the level of deployment of information technology solutions actually enhances bank performance is still a matter of debate in academic circles. This paper set out to assess the effect of deployment of information technology solutions on the performances of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Data spanning over a seven year period (2005 to 2011) were generated from annual financial reports of sampled banks to ascertain the relationship between bank deployment of IT solutions and enhanced bank performance using a regression equation expressed in a multiple form. Findings revealed that deployment of IT solutions have been on the increase especially in the post-consolidation period as evidenced by increased number of bank branches and ATM which were interlinked via IT solutions. The correlation matrixes revealed that information technology solutions deployment have a positive relationship with increased bank profitability thus suggesting that increased banks investment in IT solutions enhances bank performance.

The managers use management accounting information and techniques to take decisions. The decision making process of most of managers consists of economical decision making and choosing the best alternative that lead to profit maximization as well as cost and expense minimization. Management accounting measures and produces economical information which is useful to users for conscious decision making. Management accounting writers tend to present management accounting as a loosely connected set of decision-making tools. Although the various textbooks on management accounting make no attempt to develop an integrated theory, there is a high degree of consistency and standardization in methodology of presentation. In this chapter, the concepts and assumptions which form the basis of management Accounting will be formulated in a comprehensive management accounting decision Model. The formulation of theory in terms of conceptual models is a common practice. Virtually all textbooks in business administration use some type of conceptual Framework or model to integrate the fundamentals being presented. In economic theory, there are conceptual models of the firm, markets, and the economy. In Management courses, there are models of organizational structure and managerial Functions. In marketing, there are models of marketing decision-making and channels of distribution. Even in financial accounting, models of financial statements are used As a framework for teaching the fundamentals of basic financial accounting. The tactical decisions which must be preceded by strategic decisions provide the Historical data from which the accountant prepares financial statements. In addition To being statements summarizing historical transactions, financial statements may be Regarded as a descriptive model for decision-making. Every item or elements on the financial statements are the result of a decision or decisions. For each decision, a management accounting tool is exist that may be used to make a good decision. However, the management accounting tools can be used only if the management Accountant is successful in providing the information demanded by the particular Tool.

This study is aimed at examining the effects of socio- economic and financial factors on the performance of women entrepreneurs in Oyo state and two hundred and forty women entrepreneurs who are involved in trading, hairdressing and tailoring were purposively selected from amongst those registered in their respective associations. All the data were derived from primary sources. The results demonstrated that a significant relationship exists between socio- economic factors and the performance of women entrepreneurs. All the socio- economic factors (age, marital status, education and years of experience) were significant and positive at (P < 0.05). This implied that socio- economic factors are critical success factors that help entrepreneurs to survive, manage in difficult conditions and keep the business profitable. Furthermore, credit and savings impacted significantly on the performance of the entrepreneurs. The micro-entrepreneurs surveyed were revealed to be performing very poorly because majority of the entrepreneurs had no access to external funds. The finding indicated that the women entrepreneurs’ propensity to save for the growth of their enterprises was on average very low implying that they were experiencing some constraint factors. This tends to affect the performance of the women entrepreneurs negatively. Therefore, the study recommended that formal and informal entrepreneurship education should be given to micro- entrepreneurs in order to develop their managerial capabilities, accounting skills and overall be made more credit worthy and the Federal government should consider developing policies that will create an enabling environment for the development and proper operation of cooperative thrift and credit societies and other group initiatives.

Many deserving students dream of higher education, but only a few are able to arrange the necessary funds to support it. Sometimes students have to struggle for funds so that they can get the taste of higher education and build their futures. Much needed help has come in the form of student loans. The paper covers many issues relating to HE finance from students’ view point. They are the real beneficiaries of education finance schemes promoted by Government of India (GOI) in coordination with banking sector. In current study efforts have been made to analyze whether or not there exists a significant difference between average attitudes of two groups of students’ towards education loan for professional courses. The research results show that attitude towards education loan between two groups though positive but group of passed out students feel under pressure, financially as well as psychologically.

This paper focuses attention on specific aspects of entrepreneurial decisions relating to investment, both in the total fixed investments and plant & machinery (separately). Demand and financial factors, internal and external, are considered in the investment analysis. Finally the influence of determinants of fixed investment and investment plans are examined in General Engineering industry in India.

The paper focuses on review of Pakistan economy in order to evaluate the performance of the economy to identify leading economic problems of Pakistan. It discusses various macro economic problems indulging micro economic problems while highlighting the origin of these problems. It contributes in understanding of various concepts of macro economic parameters with respect to the economy and developing the interlink between these concepts. The analysis achieved the conclusion that Pakistan is currently facing adverse economic problems that need to be rectified with systematic mechanism in order to retrieve the identity of Pakistan that had been achieved with innumerable sacrifices.

Exchange rate policies associated with developmental programs of the past 28 years have led to the transformation of the agricultural export sector in many ways in Ghana. This study examines the effect of the exchange rate on pineapple export, one marked example of an increase in agricultural export for the European market. Based on a priori economic and statistical considerations, a logarithmic Cobb-Douglas functional model was used which applies annual time series data from 1980 to 2004 to estimate the export of pineapple as a function of real exchange rate, income of trading partner, competing price of pineapple of Cote d’Ivoire, and the local producer price of pineapple. The study shows that the real exchange rate has an effect on the pineapple export of the country, especially in the long run confirming the devaluations over the period of 1980 – 2004 with its concomitant increase in pineapple export. The study ended suggesting that authorities adhere to the fundamentals of the real exchange rate to be able to improve the performance of the exports, but this action must be consistent with other fiscal policies in order to attain balance of payment equilibrium.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the risk management behaviour of selected commercial banks in Malaysia based on their stock performance in term of Average Daily Return (ADR) and Value at Risk (VaR). VaR is measured using Historical Simulation Model. We present results of ADR and VaR at 99% confidence interval, on one-day horizon from year 2003-2010, for the following stock index of eight commercial banks in Malaysia: RHB; Maybank; CIMB; Affin; Alliance; Ambank; Hong Leong and Public Bank. The ADR and VaR of each commercial bank in Malaysia are measured and compared to identify their risk behaviours. The risk management behaviour of commercial banks in Malaysia can be categorised into three categories: conservative; moderate; and aggressive. Our results show that the risk management behaviour of one bank is considered conservative, three banks are considered moderate and four banks are considered aggressive. This may give suggestions to the investors which bank/banks to invest in.