Biosciences

In order to understand the character of the brain functional network, we propose a new evolution model to simulate the mechanism of the brain network. With the reference of the memory mechanism, the network was set up by the compression path algorithm and displayed good effect of its characteristic on degree distribution, average path length and clustering coefficient, especially on community.

The initial step in an infectious disease is often adhered to and colonization of host tissue surfaces. Staphylococcus aureus, which is a major human and animal pathogenic organism, has been shown to bind to several host matrix proteins and plasma proteins, such as fibronectin, fibrinogen, collagen, elastin, laminin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, bone Sialoprotein and vitronectin . For each of these binding functions, a corresponding surface-associated protein has been identified. The existence of an S. aureus extracellular matrix binding protein with broad specificity that is capable of binding several extracellular glycoproteins has also been reported. The role of some of these proteins in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections has been shown in animal models. Most S. aureus strains bind to fibronectin and two highly homologous fibronectin binding proteins (FnBPs), and their corresponding genes (fnbA and fnbB) have been identified. Mutants defective in either of the two genes adhered equally well to fibronectin-coated surfaces in vitro, while a double mutant was completely unable to adhere, indicating that both genes are expressed and contribute to fibronectin binding. That’s why we have chosen fibronectin possible target for vaccine design against Staphylococcus aureus. This proposed target protein for vaccine contained four coils and three strands.

Azolla is very known biofertilizer for rice cultivation it can enrich soil N2 content and for the soil fertility. In view of this, an invitro study was carried out on morphometric studies on Anabaena azollae present in two species of Azolla fern (A.microphylla, and A. fulicolides). The selected Azolla species were grown in standard medium prepared with garden soil, cow dung, super phosphate and its combinations in separate containers. The matured Azolla cultures were observed for its growth profile viz. number of leaflets per plant and fresh & dry weight of whole plant on 15d and 21d. Followed by, the morphometric study on symbiotic cyanobacteria present in the leaf cavities of two species of Azolla was determined through observing average number of cyanobaterial filament in the leaf cavity of azolla, length of each cyanobacterial filament, number of vegetative cells and number & position of heterocyst in each cyanobacterial filament.

It is necessary to study the effect of different levels of utilization and Long-term exclusion grazing on the ecological structure in rangelands to better manage in the future. Therefore in this study, production, canopy cover, density, frequency and vitality of Artemisia sieberi, Stipa barbata and Eurotia ceratoides were considered (as important species in Irani Torani area) in grazing and grazing exclusion of Noudoshan rangelands in Yazd Province. Samples were 10 transfers and 40 1m2 quadrates randomly; and also 30 plants of each species were selected randomly and plant height, maximum and minimum diameter, canopy cover, vitality and weight of current year production by cut and weighted were measured. For determining distribution pattern, index of Dispersion (variance /mean ratio), Morisot’s index of Dispersion and Standardized were used. There is no significant difference between factors of production, diameter, height and canopy cover of Ar.si in grazing and exclosure grazing area but vitality was different significantly. St ba has significant difference between production, canopy cover, density and vitality (P<0.05) in the two grazing conditions, and canopy cover, density, production and vitality of Eu ce were increased in the grazing rangelands, but there was no significant difference (0.05< P). Grazing on Ar.si and Eu ce partly increased vitality and productivity; but St ba has high palatability in this rangeland, that is due to heavy grazing on it; therefore St ba’s power of life is reduced in the grazing area. Distribution pattern of Artemisia seiberi trends from random to uniform in long time grazing exclusion; but this trends from random to clump in the grazing. The distribution pattern of Eurotia ceratoides is clump based on the index of Dispersion and Morisita’s index and it is uniform based on Moristia’s Standardized Index and that doesn’t change in the exclosure grazing area. Distribution pattern of Stipa barbata is uniform. Artemisia Seiberi is increaser and Stipa barbata is decreaser. Importance value of Eurotia ceratoides has no significant difference between grazing and grazing exclosure areas; therefore this is resistant grazing and it can be used to improve steppe rangelands.

This study was to compare the effect of maggot meal and coppens feed on the growth and survival rate of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. The feeding trial lasted for 85 days with 135 specimens of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings of average initial weight of 1.33g, fed with 5% of their total body weight twice daily with maggot meal, coppens feed and a combination of maggot meal and coppens feed. The study was completely randomized and had three treatments and three replicates in the ratio (50:50). The result for growth showed mean final weight of 24.12g, 21.92g, 22.89g for maggot meal, coppens feed and control diet respectively. Mean weight gains of 22.77g, 20.59g and 21.57g for maggot meal, coppens feed and control diet, was not statistically significant at P<0.05. it also showed that there was an increase in length of fish from a mean initial length of 5.49cm, 5.32cm 5.37cm for maggot meal, coppens feed and control diet to a final length of 17.5cm, 16.13cm and 16.21cm for maggot meal, coppens feed and control diet, mean length gains of 12.01cm, 10.80cm and 10.84cm for maggot meal, coppens feed and control diet respectively, was not statistically significant at P<0.05. The mean specific growth rate (SGR) was 3.39, 3.28 and 3.33 for maggot meal, coppens feed and control diet respectively but not statistically significant at P<0.05. The feed intake was 46.57g, 43.91g and 44.96g for maggot meal, coppens feed and control diet respectively was not statistically significant at P<0.05. The feed conversion ratio 0.51, 0.52 and 0.52 for maggot meal, coppens feed and control respectively was not statistically significant at P<0.05. The result further showed that maggot meal performed better than coppens feed but not statistically different at P<0.05. This shows that maggot meal can replace coppens feed in the culture of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. Therefore, farmers are encouraged to grow maggots in large quantity so far it can be used to culture Clarias gariepinus.

The effect of maturity stages (premature, mature and over mature) on performance of four cultivars of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle)- (namely : Rahad, Fashir, Kass and Abaid)- were studied by evaluating some of its chemical constituents, organic acids (citric, ascorbic and tartaric), anthocyanin's as (malvidin and pelargonidin), pH and essential amino acids under the semi – arid conditions of Sudan. HPLC and amino acid analyzer were used in this study. It was found that, there was a significant effect of maturity stages on pH, organic acids, essential amino acids and anthocyanin's. Mature stage of four Roselle cultivars gave significantly higher pH. Total percentages of identified organic acids (citric, ascorbic and tartaric acids) were the highest in all cultivars at mature stage, Fashir and Abiad cultivars gave significantly higher organic acid than other one. pre mature stage gave significantly higher amount of the essential amino acids, on the other hand Abiad and Kass cultivarss gave the highest amount of the essential amino acids among all cultivars. Mature and over mature stages in all cultivars gave higher percentage of anthocyanin's as ( malvidin and pelargonidin), within cultivars Rahad cultivar has the highest value of anthocyanin, and Abiad cultivar has lowest amount of these pigments.

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is an annual leguminous crop, which is native to the Indian subcontinent and the Eastern Mediterranean region. Historically fenugreek leaves and seeds were used for many therapeutic purposes. Fenugreek has been used for treatment of mouth ulcers and chapped lips, cure of baldness, in alleviation of abdominal and abscesses pain, in alleviation of cardiovascular and hepatic disorders, treating arthritis, dropsy, heart disease, spleen and liver enlargement, kidney ailments. Various parts of fenugreek are used in different food products due to its diverse and rich constituents. Recent studies on animal models showed that fenugreek has a toxicity on acute large doses and on chronic low doses, despite this; fenugreek still stated as safe by food and drug administration (FDA).

Wheat is an annual herbaceous plant whose breeding is done all over the world. Triticum monococcum with 2n chromosomes is known as the oldest wheat. T. turgidum has four set of chromosomes and used for pasta making. Emmer wheat (T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is wild form of nearly all the domesticated wheats. T. aestivum has six set of chromosomes and used for bread making. bZIP transcription factors have DNA binding motifs and form the leucine zipper dimerization. Most of WRKY transcription factors control regulation of important functions for the development of plants. In this study, bZIP and WRKY genes were firstly cloned and compared between different wheat cultivars. For this, genes were amplified in PCR and transferred to pENTR™/D-TOPO® vector. Plasmids were sequenced and aligned. bZIP gene with 450 bp and WRKY gene with 672 bp in length were successfully cloned. DNA sequence of genes were translated to protein sequence. A total of 150 amino acids for bZIP and 224 amino acids for WRKY proteins were determined. With this study, sequences of bZIP and WRKY genes were firstly identified in ancestral and modern wheat cultivars. Obtained results from this study may be used for development of abiotic stress resistance plants.

In an attempt to evaluate the productivity of two varieties of cabbage-caraïbe: Xanthosoma sagittifolia (L.) Schott (violet and green), using compost from pig manure as fertilizer, a trial was conducted in Goma using a pairwise experimental design, with two blocks of three plots each, representing the two varieties tested. The planting was done at a distance of 50 x 50 cm. A total of 48 plants were planted for each of the varieties studied, at a rate of 16 plants per 4 m2 plot, for a total of 96 plants for the entire experiment.The observations made during this study were related to the number of tubers per plant, the diameter of the tubers obtained, the weight of tubers per plot and the yield in tons per hectare. The correlation between the different yield parameters observed was calculated. The effects of the pig dung compost on the production parameters were assessed using the one-criteria analysis of variance classification with SPSS 20 Software (IBM SPSS Statistic, 2015). The significance level was set at 0.05%.The results obtained showed that: 1. The violet variety produced a greater number of tubers per plant than the green variety with an average of 10.66 ± 1.15 versus 6.66 ± 0.57. The difference observed from a statistical point of view is significant (?2 = 96.000 ; P < 0.000). These results indicate that the number of tubers produced per plant does depend on the variety tested ; 2. The size of the tubers obtained does not depend on the variety tested (?2 = 263.537 ; P < 0.045) ; 3. The violet variety produced heavier tubers (15.03 kg) compared with those of the green variety (8.76 kg). The difference observed statistically was significant (?2 = 60.134 ; P < 0.000). These results indicate that tuber weight does depend on the variety tested. In addition, the violet variety gave a better yield (37.58 t/ha) compared to the green variety (21.90 t/ha) in terms of cultivated area ; 4. There is a positive correlation between the weight and the number of tubers produced on the one hand (r = 0.917 and R2 = 0.840) and on the other hand between the weight and the size of tubers (r = 0.872 and R2 = 0.760). The overall results obtained reveal that the violet variety performed better in terms of the parameters studied and is more adapted to organic fertilization compared to the green variety.

With growing pressure on service providers to reduce cost and improve quality of deliverables in shorter timelines, CDM organizations and professionals need to think out of the box to retain existing clients and win new clients. Traditionally LEAN techniques have been the stronghold of manufacturing, but in the last few decades they have been effectively used in the service industry, including healthcare. In CDM, LEAN has emerged as an impactful tool in improving process efficiency and reducing operational costs. It also allows professionals to engage with senior leadership in discussions around successful deployment of LEAN. The presentation will focus on the main LEAN principles, practices, tools and methodologies and a strategic approach for its successful deployment in CDM. It will focus on the key benefits that CDM can derive from LEAN techniques such as reducing waste, rework, redundancy in process, and providing deliverables with greater accuracy and shorter timeframes while also addressing challenges such as determining process/input/output metrics, end to end process streamline, longer wait/cycle times, resource utilization and measuring deliverables with less effort. This in turn will drive client delight.