Social Studies

Achieving marital satisfaction (MS) is becoming difficult for many couples. In fact, MS of the first marriages has declined since the mid-1970s. Approximately, half of the marriages resolve their marital unhappiness through divorce. In order to achieve MS, abundant of research has been carried out to investigate what constitutes a successful marital experience. Recent researchers have attempted to investigate indicators of MS. Interestingly, many prominent marital researchers suggest that there is a relationship between preliminary attachment [early relationship between caregiver and infant] and marital quality. Moreover, scientific studies and contemporary psychologists have started to promote concept of preliminary attachment for better quality of marital life. The review of studies conducted in the west suggests that secure attachment has high predictive validity for concurrent marital relationship while avoidant and anxious attachment invalidate relationships particularly MS. Although studies conducted highlight significant role of attachment styles on MS, but there is a dire need to investigate the varied attachment by Islamic perception. The aim of this preliminary study is to investigate one of the indicators of MS which is attachment and proposing effect of its role in process leading to MS by highlighting Islamic perspective. This study can be useful for psychologists and counselors that educate attachment styles based on Islamic believe to couples, before transition to parenting.

Mountainous areas are one of the tourists' favorite destinations throughout the world. The lack of appropriate planning of responsible organizations and tourists unawareness about mountainous villages touristic potentials and reluctance of private sector to invest on providing proper facilities and equipment for tourists in mountainous areas have been caused tourism no development in these regions. The current research has been implemented in one of the mountainous regions of Guilan province in order to answer these questions that what are the advantages and limitations of tourism development in mountainous regions of Amlash county and what strategies exist for mountainous tourism development? Whereas recognition of strengths, pitfalls, opportunities, and threats, and planning to resolve limitations and increase benefits and create economic and social changes in this region are the obvious goals of this research, this paper used survey method (descriptive-analytical), field studies and questionnaires completion by three samples of statistical community (tourists, rural families (people), local managers) and determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the form of economic, social, cultural, ecological, and institutional in SWOT method to codify quadruplet strategies to develop mountainous tourism in AMLASHCounty. Studies have been shown that regarding to existence of strengths and opportunity in this region, threats and weaknesses levels are also very high and this region is vulnerable against tourism development and redistribution and reallocation of resources and appropriate and logical planning in regional level is an essential issue.

This study had tried to assess the determinants of the food security of rural people of Malawi. The study was based on data collected from Malawi Third Integrated Household Survey (IHS3) in 2010/11. Since the objective variable is dichotomous type the study employ logistic regression model for analysis. There was consideration of different economic as well as societal factors to check that whether they significantly affect the dependent variable one or not. Based on the regression result eight of the regressors are significant in affecting probability of households to be food secured. Variables like education participation of households, sex of household head and age square positively affect the probability of being food secured. Other variables like cassava production, emergency of shocks, participation in off farm activities and age of household head affect probability of being food secured in the opposite direction as to the expectations. TLU and Land holding are insignificant in affecting the probability of rural households in order to be food secured.

ILO protocols contain fundamental values of labor laws. Since labor laws are devised by human identity and non-ideological to support workers and to mitigate real inequalities in legal relationship between client and workers, such protocols can be used as efficient criteria to measure and value labor laws domestic norms. In this vein, radical ILO protocols on labor associations and their negotiations with clients are highly important due to their natures. Studying radical protocols on “collective negotiations and treaties” and “expanding collective negotiations” indicates that it is sufficiently attempted in Iranian legal system to execute general principles of such documents in labor laws related issues. Some attempts have come to conclusions while others are yet far from achieving relevant standards

The present paper intends to bring forward the impact of T.V programs on Indian College Students’ behavior. The progress of the human civilization is demarcated with district eras; these eras have been characterized by technological advances and innovation that changed the human life. The latest innovation to multiple satellite TV channels into the drawing of urban Indian is greatly determining the TV viewing behavior. The present study is conducted with the following objectives: 1.To find out the TV viewing behavior of Arts College Students in terms of various TV channels and types of programs . 2. To assess the perception of college youth regarding to TV programs and their influences both positive and negative. 3. To find out whether there is any association between certain demographic variables pertaining to College youth and their perception of TV programs. Keeping these objectives of the studying in view, the following questions have been formulated for variation: 1.Are the respondents, (College Students of Art College) likely to perceive the foreign program as source of negative influences? 2.Do the respondents watch Foreign Programs more than Indian programs? 3.Do the respondents watch documentaries less than the other type of films? The Sample is 120 Native Students from the Art College of Osmania University, (Hyderabad. India) which selected randomly from different departments. Keeping the study objectives in view, a questionnaire in English was developed pretested.

There is lack of shared vision among the employee and employed. By referring to the Ministry of Education of Malaysia, there is mismatch between keeping the quality management techniques and education process. Current realities on education in Malaysian education is those who control (Education Ministry), there is a crisis of confidence in the ability for institution as school, college and University.

A major gap outspokenly voiced by leading scholars in the context of L2 testing concerns the lack of diagnostic tests that aim at surfacing learners’ underlying abilities (Alderson, 2005; Poehner, 2009). Dynamic assessment (henceforth DA) armed with the interaction tool which is construed as a pivotal mainstay of Vygotsky’s Socio-cultural Theory of Mind has been recently introduced to function as a robust diagnostic procedure to feed back into educational practices (Aljaafreh & Lantolf, 1994; Poehner, 2005; Ableeva, 2008). However, as for diagnostic assessment of L2 listening in the classroom, no worthwhile attempt has been made thus far (Buck, 2003; Vandergrift, 2006; Ableeva, 2010); hence, the need to undertake the present study. This paper has set out to explore the feasibility of group dynamic assessment (G-DA) in the classroom context as a diagnostic procedure to identify the intermediate L2 learners’ listening difficulties and the effects of G-DA on their listening development. In so doing, a group of intermediate L2 learners were recruited and instructed for a time span of two months. An interactionist, concurrent G-DA methodology guided the research design of this study. The results of qualitative analysis of G-DA protocols revealed that through continent, graduated and dialogic interactions with the learners in their Zone of Proximal Development G-DA can microgenetically uncover the learners’ sources of listening difficulties. The analysis brought to surface phonological, lexical and grammatical as the most rampant sources of difficulties during listening comprehension. The G-DA interactions also revealed how collective scaffolding (Donato, 1994) could help establish a state of intersubjectivity (Platt & Brooks, 1994) within the social space of the class during which secondary interactants benefited from the contributions of primary interactants (Poehner, 2009). Finally, on implication side, this paper recommends the use of G-DA methodology as an efficient and student/mediator-friendly procedure in the social microcosm of the classroom context to truly assess L2 learners’ listening comprehension processes and help promote the abilities which are in the state of maturation.

Assessing the requirements of using the mechanisms of power transition from state to citizens and introducing the implication of such process is the focus of current paper. It believes that in addition to theoretical justifications, power transition is necessary based pragmatic considerations. It is for the same reason that law and politics philosophers acknowledge the necessity of public administration and the realization of resilient and citizen – based state in their synchronized orientations toward today contingencies of humanistic laws. Thus, in the format of present paper, the necessity of power transition is initially studied and then peaceful and democratic techniques of power transition for state to citizens are introduced and, ultimately, the legal implications of power transition are identified in the framework of local and global legal evidences in order to confirm research hypothesis.

This study aims to identify the pedagogical practices of the teacher trainees of Design and Technology option in conducting lessons in mock teaching practice in order for the trainees to become excellent teachers. In addition, this study aims to see whether there is a relationship between the trainee teachers' perceptions to the mock teaching practices experienced during teaching in schools. The samples of this study are 81 teacher trainees taking Design and Technology option of Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Tun Hussein Onn, Batu Pahat, Johor January 2010 intake . The study was conducted through a quantitative approach using questionnaires. The results showed that the level of the teacher trainees’ pedagogical practices is medium in the teaching and learning process . The results also indicated positive perceptions of trainee teachers toward the third phase mock teaching practice gives a very good exposure.

Under the Cluster Schools program, the guided autonomy through School Based Management (SBM) encourages and welcomes involvement and contribution from stakeholders in order to enhance quality of education and produce excellent students. The purpose of the study was to identify the direct effects of stakeholders on SBM practices in cluster schools. Secondly, the aim was to explore the moderating effects of stakeholders’ on the relationship between cluster school’s backgrounds factors with the SBM practice. Data for this study was collected using as set of questionnaire from 788 trained teachers from 60 cluster schools (25 from high performance cluster schools, 20 from Cohort 1 cluster schools and 15 from Cohort 2 schools) across the 14 states of Malaysia. The findings revealed that the level of stakeholders’ involvement in School Based management practices in the Malaysian cluster school was high. Apart from that, the findings also showed that stakeholders’ such as Ministry of Education, school administrators, local community, and school related bodies’ involvement has direct significant effects on the SBM practices. Meanwhile, stakeholders’ involvement was identified as the moderator on the relationship between school categories factor and SBM practices in cluster school, leadership effectiveness. As conclusion, this study recommends that school administrators should fully exploit the role of stakeholders’ involvement through SBM practices in order to increase schools’ performance.