Social Studies

This paper sets out to compare Immanuel Emanuel Wallerstein concept of globalization and Anthony Giddens. To believe Wallerstein, capitalism system has result of emergence of the bourgeoisie and expansion it, extension of global trade, innovation of new product methods, mass products, possibility of capital accumulation, and globalization this of process the facilitate for countries but to make dependent of the peripheral societies to core countries and so has continues of colonialism to new form. Giddens’ discuss on the modernity global and him known globalization as an unavoidable alternative for modernism and results of expansionism capitalism has lead to new forms in the different countries of world. The modernism view is along with a cultural sub-structure, and aims at creating fundamental economic, social and political changes in developing countries. Giddens says’ that globalization is colonialism reverse and is necessary for development and growth of the global societies. Both they are special look of nation-state role in the process of globalization particularly it’s of effects on life aspects and so quality of life for people of societies.

The policy of free primary education in Kenya, although highly commendable, has resulted to a baffling phenomenon where parents in urban slums are withdrawing their children from public to private primary schools. This clearly suggests that parents seem to have confidence in private schools than in public schools. The emergence of low fee private schools whose accreditation is in doubt is indeed an interesting phenomenon worth exploring. It is no longer a question of whether private schools exist but rather to what extent private schools supplement the government in providing basic education. While the government bears the sole responsibility of providing education to all children, the findings from three researches discussed in this paper portray a different reality. The number of private schools especially in the slums almost outnumbers government schools despite the fact that public primary schools are free. This trend raises key policy issues regarding the role of the private sector in collaborating with the government in providing quality education to all citizens. Indeed, the emergence of low cost private schools in urban slums presents an unexploited, though potent, opportunity for public-private partnership in the provision of basic education.

The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) presented new challenges for medical humanitarian aid and little was known about primary health care approaches for these diseases in humanitarian response. We aimed to evaluate UNHCR’s use of total CVD risk based prevention strategies amongst refugees in Morocco to identify opportunities to improve total CVD risk based guidance for humanitarian settings. We evaluated CVD risk assessment and management in two outpatient NCD clinics in Morocco using a mixed methods design with qualitative and quantitative strands of equal priority, Integrate during data collection and interpretation during three years. We reviewed the clinical records of 400 patients. The number of consultations has increased by half between 2016 and 2018. The average age of the patients was 48 +/- 12.6 with a predominance of patients in the age group between 40 and 50. The sex ratio was 1,7 of men, the majority of patients consulted once time, the country of origin was Syria in 40% of cases, the most risk factor founded was hypertension in almost 70% of case, a history of coronary artery disease was present in almost 6% of cases, chest pain was the most frequent reason for consultation followed by headache, and the diagnosis was arterial hypertension in 58% of cases followed by ischemic heart disease In 26% of cases. All patients underwent a complete clinical examination, with an electrocardiogram based on the indications; echocardiography was performed in 37% of patients and coronarography in 10% with surgery in 1.5% and catheter intervention in 1.5% of cases. Most patients had at least one medical treatment to take. The high prevalence of unhealthy behaviors and risk factors for Heart disease in refugee groups might be a lifestyle remnant from their country of birth or might be brought about by a stressful migration and acculturation into a new social and cultural environment. Nevertheless, it is important in primary healthcare to be aware of a possible preventable increased risk of unhealthy behaviors and risk factors for heart disease in some immigrants.

This study is based on the dynamics of Nigerian politics as portrayed in the two select post-colonial works of Chinua Achebe and Chimamanda Adichie. The paper considers the role of identity in the post-colonial era and narrows it down to the Nigerian/Biafran civil war of 1967-1970. It sets out to reveal the problem of identity that was prevalent in Nigeria during the civil war and the state of Nigeria's politics during the period of the war. The study is based on different research materials such as internet sources, journals, textbooks and interviews. Achebe's book is the most accurate, recent and comprehensive prose that has discussed the past, present and the possible future of Nigerian politics. Adichie, though never experienced the war, skillfully constructs a tragic story that depicts accurately the events of the civil war, The findings of this research is based on the fact that, if the political leaders of the country will be able to compromise their diverse identities and the ethnic groups in the country come together to believe in a common identity, then the strife and disagreement will be in its barest minimum. Finally, conclusions are drawn on how to address the problems of national disunity and selfish politics in Nigeria.

The Algiers Peace agreement signed on June 18, 2000 between Eritrea and Ethiopia has ended the two years border war of 1998-2000. The terms of the agreement, however, have not yet implemented although a fresh rapprochement initiatives have started since July 8, 2018. The main problem is the controversies surrounding the Eritrea-Ethiopian Border Commission’s (EBCC) final and binding decision on disputed territories due to competing positions by Eritrea and Ethiopia. It is almost 18 years since disagreement has embroiled the two countries into a state of ‘no war, no peace’ situation, marked by socio-economic and political disarrays. This article, therefore, seeks to examine the main underpinning factor of the problem and its implication for Eritrea. The author argues that the stalled peace talk was an obstacle to Eritrea in its effort for state institutionalization and democratization processes

This article is about the unending pain of an minority ethnic group deprived of citizenship by the majority ruling class of the nation. It has no citizenship rights in their own nation. The man of this ethnic minority group has to work with no pay but with their own food a day a week for the dominated power. This ethnic group has no birth rights even to travel in their nation. They have to apply to travel with certain dates and must go back in the date otherwise they would not be return to the place they live even this is the place they are born. If they want to get marry, they have to apply to the local government to do so but it takes about six to seven years to get the approval. After getting the approval, they are not allowed to have more than two children. They are not allowed to work under the public services. … They are deprived of all means to live. This is the ethnic group known as Rohingyai in Myanmar.

Over the years, Nigeria has increasingly faced enormous apprehension arising from conflict and insecurity from Nigeria’s contiguous countries individuated by armed bandits and armed herders, who take advantage of our porous borders to perpetrate monstrous crimes with negative impact on our internal security. In the study, some fundamental objectives stated: To examine the nature of conflict and insecurity in Nigeria, the role of ECOWAS protocol on free movement in west Africa in the conflict and the role of the Nigerian security apparatus in the incidents of cross border crimes and increase conflict and insecurity in Nigeria. In this paper, we used qualitative materials with the application of historical analysis. The findings revealed Nigeria inherited conflict and insecurity from its geo-political location with northern contiguous neighbours. Besides the porous border, the religious and cultural affinity of people across the border are playing a significant role in aiding armed bandits, armed herders, religious fanatics and Boko Haram insurgency who recklessly infiltrate and criss-cross into and out of Nigeria to unleash wanton destruction of lives and property. More worrisome is the spate of killings and kidnappings taking place all over Nigeria. It was also revealed that the free movement of illegal aliens across the border has resulted in a proliferation of small arms and light weapons paraded by herdsmen as they graze their cattle. The paper recommended that Nigeria should exploit the positive aspects of its diversity to enhance national integration, to ward off illegal aliens, there should be collaborative security effort and a holistic water-proof surveillance among by security operatives along the borders of both countries to checkmate the nefarious activities of legal and illegal aliens crossing the borders at will to commit violent crimes in Nigeria, the ambiguous role of ECOWAS protocol on free movement in west Africa should be reviewed to limit the movement of miscreants across borders amongst others.

This study generally looked into the challenges of the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) in maintaining peace in the country. The study also looked into the challenges the mission faced from March 2007, when it was first deployed to Mogadishu, and August 2012, when Somalis elected a new federal government to replace the old existing transitional governments to date. It had further gone to scrutinize how the mission was perceived by the people of Somalia in relation to the political dimensions of the Federal Government of Somalia and as well what has been done and what has not been achieved by the AMISOM (African Mission in Somalia) in fulfilling its mandate of peacekeeping. The key aspects was the initial international political context in which the mission deployed; problems of internal coordination between the mission?s components; the lack of a reliable local partner with which to wage a counter-insurgency campaign; problems of strategic coordination among external partners; the nature of the enemy forces facing AMISOM, principally Al-Shabaab. AMISOM?s lack of relevant capabili¬ties and resources to perform its mandated tasks and the capacity of facilitating legiti¬mate and effective governance structures, especially as AMISOM began to deploy outside Mogadishu of late to begin liberating new frontiers in the South central regions. The study highlighted the role of Somalia factions, groups and clans in country?s problem. The general objectives of the research was to asses factors influencing regional intervention in Somalia and with specific objectives of the influence of stakeholder interest in on the regional intervention in Somalia, power competition among partner countries on regional intervention and evaluation of diverse goodwill on regional intervention in Somalia.. During the study, the researcher used descriptive statistics research design both in qualitative and quantitative. The target population of this study was the members AMISOM and UN mission in Somalia. In the study, 106 people were selected as a sample size using Slovene?s formula. The researcher collected data through questionnaire and finally processed and analyzed the study result using the statistical packages of social scientist (SPSS). The researcher found out that both stakeholder interest and power competition have strong positive relationship with the regional intervention and that if the interests are not consistent with the objectives, the resultant will be low performance. The study recommends that peacekeeping mission and relevant stakeholders develop clear priorities and work towards a central strategy. Towards the peace building and stabilization efforts in Somalia.

Designs ideas can be obtained from many sources of inspiration. Designers are often influenced by anything visual from nature to a fruit plate. Apparel designers are inspired by necessity the need to create fashion which called Form Follows Function .From this point of vie antibacterial treatment now is not a luxury anymore it became a necessity not only in the medical field but in all life parts. So in this study Antibacterial treatment has been done to cotton and viscose fabrics using Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) which gives good antibacterial activity, followed by dyeing and /or printing. 5 designs from historical and folk inspiration using the (PEG) treated fabrics were adapted to make fashionable women dresses. The designs were analyzed from the aesthetic point of view.

This paper presents the precolonial Nandi marriage system and household relationships upto the colonial epoch. The study examined the indigenous Nandi family, polygamous Nandi household setup, extended family, the clan, incest, and sexual relationships, responsibilities and rights of household members. It also analyzed the relationships of production, reproduction and distribution, and an analysis of their built forms and settlement.