Literature

An examination of the Development of Language Policy in Kenya demonstrates that Policies made about Language have to such extent been faced with bottlenecks. This is attributed to colonial language policies that have influenced policy decisions in the post colonial era. One watches with awe to note for example that forty years from independence Kenya is still grappling with attempts to institutionalize Kiswahili as National Language as demonstrated in the New Constitution which was promulgated as recent as 2010. This is in sharp contrast with the sister Country Tanzania which embraced the National Language concept much earlier. It is based on this understanding that this paper highlights the milestones of language policy in Kenya. The paper makes specific reference to Kiswahili, English, Mother tongues and foreign languages. The authors critically examine policies made concerning the usage of these Languages and seek to demonstrate that Language Policy in Kenya needs re-thinking.

This study was designed to investigate the teachers’ attitude towards teamwork and its relationship with their research output at university level. It was focused on the teachers’ attitude towards teamwork and research output. Depending upon the nature of the problem descriptive survey design and correlation research design were used. A sample of the teachers at University level was surveyed through questionnaire. The first part of questionnaire was adapted from the research work of Kirkman & Shapiro in 2001 and Ulloa & Adam in 2004 and second part of this questionnaire was adapted from the research work of De Witte and Rogge in 2010. Total 304 male and female teachers were taken as sample of the study. Convenience sampling technique was carried out and the findings of this study indicate that there was a positive relationship among individualism, trust in co-worker, skill utilization, team personality, resistance towards teamwork, communication and coordination due to high level of trust, communication and coordination among the teachers in a teamwork but due to lack of trust and work avoidance attitude among them teachers show a negative correlation between teachers’ attitude towards teamwork and their research output.

The present article is an attempt to study Annie Proulx’s short story collection: Fine Just the Way It Is in the light of Judith Butler’s concepts of vulnerability and gender performativity. According to Butler, all bodies are manipulated by regulatory norms and existing cultural power to perform a predefined gender role as well as vulnerable from the start to the world of others. By exploring the stories through Butlerian concepts of gender performativity and vulnerability, this article presents that Proulx’s characters not only gain their recognition in a political project through following their gender performativity, but also experience the collective condition of vulnerability to the socioeconomic structures as well as conditioned by power. Therefore, this analysis inevitably seeks to particularize the way Proulx’s characters portray the norms of performativity which have to be performed in order to be recognized in social realm through ‘desire’ and ‘enactment’. Furthermore, by paralyzing Butler’s concept of vulnerability to the literary pieces, the present study delineates the situations in which characters experience ‘violence’, ‘insecurity’, and ‘lack of autonomy’ instigated by interdependency and imposed conventions of social structures.

This research seeks to critically analyse the portrayal of the life of Gautama Buddha in the Zee TV serial Buddha telecast from 2013. The television serial presents itself as a didactic religious discourse and for the first time it offers to present Buddha’s teachings on the small screen. Through the narrative, the show successfully attempts to answer some of the fundamental questions which are essentially sought after by anyone on the path of eternal truth, like what is reality, what is one supposed to do in life, what is life, who are we, what is our goal of existence. The research also investigates the various ways in which the text serves to express spirituality in an approachable manner. It intends to look at how the show contributes to the first representation of Buddha on the small screen. The aspects explored do not include portrayal of characters and the acting prowess of the cast.

This article intends to study The Island of Dr.Moreau written by H.G. Wells in the light of scapegoat archetype. In this process, Carl Jung's theory of the archetypes or pre-existence forms and collective unconscious as their storehouse is benefitted to offer a sound understanding of the nature of archetype. In addition, Sir James Frazer's exposition of the probable reasons and relevant rituals to the sacrificial scapegoat are presented. In this study, the attempt is made to examine the unconscious belief in the significance of scapegoating in reviving peace.

The concept of martyr in the sacred defense literature of Iran one of the valuable concepts that is links the audience to religious and religious beliefs and flies the spirit of the audience from the depths of the beginning of the universe point and after exalting it take to the moment of again graft and connect at the end point. Looking at the history of the eight years of the imposed war, it can be seen that presence of enthusiastic forces and lover and martyrdom young people is one of the most effective factors in the resistance and victory of eight years of Islamic Iran which sacrificed their lives to defend the territorial integrity of the country and the sacred soil of the homeland and their admirable resistance against the enemies figured unique scenes of sacrifice, martyrdom and love which obvious footprint of writers, poets and authors in recording epics and sacrifices is quite evident at this time and it was essential to do this and tolerance, tolerance and failure in this necessity will have a huge amount of loser.

This study, “Transmogrification of the Danse Macabre Image: Capturing the Journey towards Creativity,” traces the evolution of the concept of Danse Macabre. In Everyman death takes away the sinful when they least expect it, in Solyman and Perseda everyone falls prey to death irrespective of their deeds and in Tauba-tun-Nasuh, the sinner is plagued. The climatic point in this brief research comes with the Modern texts, The Moon and Sixpence, Roohe-e-Insani and Amédéé, ou Comment s’en débarrasser, when Danse Macabre extends its boundaries, uniting the idea of creativity with death. Similarly in the visual context, Danse Macabre image, initially a horrifying idea, becomes a part of the present day comics and serves an entertaining rather than a cathartic purpose.

This article concerned with the importance of theatrical technique in literature class for the enhancement of communication skills. The investigative study was conducted on M.A English students divided into controlled and experimental groups, 50 each, by giving them role play/drama/performance (theatrical technique) of different situations taken from G.B. Shaw’s ‘Arms and the Man’ that followed written test/assignment on the presented situations. The results reflected the importance of theatrical technique in the teaching of literature to enhance communications skills as experimental group performed and showed, in written form, better understanding of the text as well as was more communicative, seemed encouraged and motivated during role play. Role play/drama brings life not only to the classroom environment but furthered the learning and use of English language both in social and academic situations as the results manifest. The study suggests that teachers should use role play/theatrical technique of teaching to generate friendly environment, deep understanding of literature and enhancement of language skills in literature classes at tertiary level.

The present study deals with the novels selected for analysis at the thematic level of the works of Kiran Desai. This area has been discussed with a view to provide various cues to make use of Indianness. At the critical and thematic levels, Indian surroundings and the Indian social life emphasizing the Indian Scenario, village community, and hierarchical behaviour, customs, practices and beliefs are widely discussed to unleash various nuances happening in the novels vividly displayed by the author.

The two World Wars and the devastation they bring to the Western mind results in a kind of revision or better to say in abandoning the worldviews and ideologies remained for centuries and the consequently in rebuilding of a new system of thought and rationale in all the aspects of man's life. These profound changes do not leave an stone unturned and also manipulate the field of literature and finally affect the field of Drama and produce a unified body of works categorized by Martin Esslin in 1961 under the title of "the Theatre of Absurd". This Study intends to investigate the quality of the Absurdism of such a kind in the plays of the British Playwright Harold Pinter in hope of dealing with the strategies he applies in his crafting; the strategies that are innovative and as used for the first time take the name of Pintersque.