Archives-March 2021

The unwise use of the natural environment due to ignorance and greed of man amongst others has led to the degradation of the environment. An approximately total area of 25.58km2 of Obosi land were surveyed and examined. Based on the morphology and the relief of the surveyed area, three mapping units, MU1-lowland areas, MU11-upland areas and MU111- gullied area were established. Profile pit samples collected from these three mapping units were used to study the impact of land degradation on the physicochemical properties of Obosi land. The findings from the study showed that the texture of the soils varied from sandy loam to loamy sand. The soils reaction (pH) is extremely acidic through moderate acidity to alkaline, ranging from 4.8-8.0. The organic matter content of the soils is very low, 0.32-1.34gkg-1, the nitrogen content and exchangeable acidity of the soils were observed to be low, while exchangeable A13+ was found to be totally absent in all the horizons of profile C except 35-65cm, AB horizon with a record value of 0.2cmlkg-1. The C/N of the soils were observed to vary from 2.14-29.29 with an exceptional high value of 54.06 at profile pit B, horizon AB 35-90cm. The available phosphorous (P) of the soils was observed to be completely absent in profile pit A and B and some horizons of profile pit C and D. In those horizons where values were obtained the recorded value was low and range from 0.94-14.93mgkg-1. Generally the findings from the study revealed that the impact of land degradation was great on the soils of Obosi as the nutrient element studied were below their critical level. The causes of the prevailing land degradation processes in Obosi land were found to include massive de-vegetation of the entire area, industrialization, undulating topography and relief of the area and the high erodibility of the soils.

A typical presentation of miliary tuberculosis is radiologically defined by the presence of diffuse micronodules of different size and irregular contours distributed throughout the lung parenchyma. We report the case of a 24-year-old young adult, who presented a metastatic adenocarcinoma revealed by respiratory symptoms, and a balloons releasing image on the chest scanner.

Congolese law of human rights is a digest of moral, philosophical or religious principles or a series of values, testimonies and actions in favor of human rights, legal sources of human rights are legal documents, better legal acts in force adopted by the States or by their organs, at the national or international level, which are intended to recognize and guarantee to all human beings (or to certain categories of persons) the enjoyment and exercise of the rights inherent in their nature or their life in society. As legal instruments, the direct sources of human rights have the necessary legal authority, which gives them the status of reference sources before the jurisdictional and other bodies for the protection of human rights . It is no longer just a question of proclaiming that man has rights or that the perpetrators of serious violations of these rights commit crimes before all of humanity. From now on, international, regional or national legal instruments aim to combat human rights violations and facilitate the prosecution of their perpetrators in order to build peace and guarantee good governance in the field of human rights. the promotion and protection of these so-called human rights.In the name of the principle of universality of human rights, all modern states have their own legal arsenal for the recognition, promotion and protection of human rights. This arsenal derives either from international instruments, treaties and conventions, regional instruments, or national texts. But the proliferation of general and specific instruments has lengthened the list of these rights and made them more precise. The contents. This profusion sometimes makes it difficult to inventory and classify all of these rights, which are very diverse in their wording and content, and whose methods of exercise are also very varied, in particular because some of them can the object of development . Despite this diversity, writes Didier Rouget, there is a fundamental principle that enshrines and is inseparable from the universality of rights. No one can be discriminated against in the enjoyment and exercise of human rights. But this diversity of legal instruments also allows States to implement several legal mechanisms to enshrine, in their internal legal order, the existence, recognition, promotion and protection of these rights: it can be either of the Constitution, either of the law, of the regulations, or of jurisprudence or even of doctrine. Despite the number of mechanisms and human rights to be protected, they must be treated in a global, equitable and balanced manner, on the same footing and with the same importance: there is no a human right that is less or more important than the other, there is not one that is superior to the other. They are all on the same footing . This is clearly expressed in the Vienna Declaration adopted on 25 June 1993 at the World Conference on Human Rights which proclaims that: All human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated. The international community must treat human rights globally in a fair and balanced manner, on the same footing and with the same importance. While the importance of national and regional particularities and historical, cultural and religious diversity must be borne in mind, it is the duty of States, irrespective of the political, economic and cultural system, to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms . African states have not remained on the sidelines of this general movement, especially since, as far as they are concerned, the recognition, protection and progress achieved in this area constitute one of the conditionality’s for development aid or good governance imposed. Developed countries and the Bretton Woods institutions (the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund).For its part, the Democratic Republic of Congo has, particularly since 1960 - the year of its accession to independence - and even a little more.Before - a significant legal arsenal for the promotion and protection of human rights. Its various Constitutions, its numerous laws and its set of implementing regulations constitute undeniable direct sources of human rights .

The main objective of this study is to ensure the tourists are served by professional tour guides who can meet their satisfactions’ and eventually improve the tour guides livelihood as well as tourism industry growth. Open-ended level of education and lack of barrier to guiding carrier might have affected the performance of tour guides in Lushoto District Tanzania for long time. The post-training evaluation has revealed that 13 (66%) of the respondents have noted increase in number of visitors in their organization after training. This has been justified by 10 (50%) of the respondents who claimed to note income increase than a year before which has boosted tour guides livelihood. The findings have shown tour guides have changed in behaviour and the way they think and act, which helped them to avoid committing mistakes which they were doing before the training. And 18 (90%) of the respondents justified that by being able to list some of the do and don’ts which proves how serious they are on the ethics matters. Indeed, the training has brought the tour guides together through the formed Usambara Local Tour Guides Association (ULTGA) and will be able to get government ID cards first and finally be given license after attending two months training. A good number of respondents 13 (67%) admit to abide on tour guides ethics and 15 (75%) of respondents are using marketing techniques to attract tourists in their organizations than before. Tour guides have shown enthusiasm to become professional guides.

The evolution of doing business has drastically changed over the decades. The inclination of the organisation towards customer orientation has made the customers the prime focus of the 21st century marketing strategies. The concept is not limited to just selling but it has more to do with after sale performance. With the changing scenario of business, the concept of marketing has taken turn right from production concept to the very existing marketing concept. With the advent of digital era the offering style has changed and companies are ready to go extra miles to retain as well as gather new customer base.The study focuses on marketing strategies followed by different existing organisation in three different phases i.e. (1950-1970, 1971-2000, 2001-existing) to understand changing dynamics of market demands. The objective of the study is to find out the position of the organisation in the existing market through BCG and Pareto principle and also depicting the life cycle of the models of the cars. The study comprises of secondary research and also focuses on several marketing strategies i.e. BCG (Boston Consultancy Group), Pareto principle, PLC Graph. The study will help to evaluate the organisation’s position in the market through BCG and it will help in understanding the adaptability of the organisation. As a result, the study will give a broader view of the changing business scenario through a variety of factors.

This study aims to investigate the similarities and differences of some anger metaphors in English and Mongolian. The study is done within the cognitive semantics framework along with the principle of CMT (Layoff and Johnson 1980, 1987; Kövecses 1986, 1988, 2000) framework in English and Mongolian. To compare the results of the study in both languages, the author selected the three parameters proposed by Barcelona (2001) and Kövecses (2001) including (1) the existence and nonexistence of language-specific mappings, (2) degrees of linguistic elaboration, (3) degrees of linguistic conventionalization. The source domains chosen for the analysis are rooted in the most fundamental human experiences in the sedentary and nomadic cultures.This current study highlights the importance of culture in understanding the relationship between metaphor, culture and cognition, and it provides comparative generalizations for the four basic emotion concept of anger and gives the fundamental explanations in English and Mongolian. This systematic comparative analysis of emotion metaphors in English and Mongolian contributes importantly to the major claims of the Contemporary Metaphor Theory, which states that metaphors are grounded on both universal embodiment and social-cultural experiences. Even though English and Mongolian belong to very different language families representing totally different sedentary and nomadic cultures, they share some universal conceptual metaphors for particular emotions with each other.

Kalamkari work is an art form of textile tradition, using modrants and natural dyes. Kalamkari started off during the Mughal dynasty and presently Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of Kalamkari fabric. With the emergence of high quality machine looms and acceptance for printed textiles, Kalamkari art came on the verge of extinction. However, printed Kalamkari is a new craze among the current generation as it is a combination of traditional and modern trends. Present study is to analyse the perception of customers towards kalamkari products with respect to four marketing mix elements. Statements related to product, price, promotion and place were offered to customer and their responses, further analysed to summarise and draw inferences.

Table of contents for the month of March 2021