Archives-March 2014

About 15mol% of ZrOCl₂.8H₂O in ethanol has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the multi-component synthesis of dihydro-1H-Indeno [1,2-b] pyridines by the reaction between 1,3-indandione, ethylacetoacetate, aromatic aldehyde and ammonium acetate at reflux condition. Atom economy, excellent yields, simple workup and mild reaction conditions are some of the important features of this method.

In Nigeria credit has been recognized as an essential tool for promoting Small and Medium Enterprises since over 70 percent of the population are engaged in the informal sector. Thus, the government have recognized that for sustainable growth and development, the financial empowerment of the rural areas is vital being repository of SMEs. It is against this background that this paper seeks to examine the impact of commercial banks activities on SMEs in Nigeria Consistent with the objective, hypothesis was formulated. The population and the sample of the study were all the Commercial banks in Nigeria. The study utilized data from secondary source. Data were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) Statistical bulletin. The time frame for the study is eighteen (18) years, covering the period of 1993 to 2010. The technique of analysis used in testing the data was Linear Regression Analysis. We concluded that even though commercial banks activities such as giving out loans and receiving deposits have positive impact on SMEs, there is room for the Commercial banks to gear more of its activities towards SMEs development in Nigeria. The study calls on appropriate authority such as the government to ensure the consistency of policies that will enhance SMEs development. Similarly, the Regulatory Authority and the Bankers Committee should encourage activities by Commercial banks to provide adequate funding to SMEs through SMEEIS.

Concordancing in the classroom is fairly a new approach that has emerged with the use of corpora in language learning. In a concordance, language is presented in an authentic context; learners are able to examine a key word in the context of a string of sentences which can exemplify the use of that particular word. This study examined whether the use of an online concordance program together with an online dictionary by 30 intermediate EFL learners aided in the transfer of word knowledge to an academic writing task. The learners were selected from Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon branch, and randomly assigned into 2 groups of control group and experimental group. The subjects in the experimental group were asked to use the concordance and online dictionary in their writing, but the control group used only the online dictionary. The results indicated that there was statistically significant transfer of vocabulary knowledge to the writing task.

This paper examine how a financial sector affects the economy direct financial claims suggested with effect of dollarization in Nepal claims held by ultimate savers which are liabilities of those who invest in real assets. The exposition is further simplified by introducing a second sector in the economy. Assume that firms specialize in investing in real assets financed by issuance of direct financial liabilities, while households specialize in saving and investing in these direct financial claims. Financial claims are reflected in the flow of funds accounts as liabilities of firms, but, as assets of households. Real assets, however, appear only on the balance sheet of the sector which owns them. Sector relationships can be seen by aggregating all members of a sector together with respected to some developing countries.

Development of technology in education brings extended enhancement of pedagogical in teaching and learning of electric & magnet subject. This paper is focused in designing electric & magnet problem solving tool. Flash8 software is used to develop 15 animations related to the electric & magnet topic: Magnetic field. All those animations are then compiled in a sheet of prezi.com presentation software as an animated mind-mapping hypermedia presentation. Result of the complete page can be accessed in Google website if the keywords were entered. Despite the tool also can be downloaded as apps from your iPad, iPhone or android in the Monkey market or in the Android market. This problem solving aids is also recommended for the tutorial, teaching or e-learning purposes. Although the design focused on the electric & magnet topic, it is also applicable to be performed in any other subject area.

Rajasthan is one of the best tourists destination in India. The state is well recognized for its tourism on the world map. Whether it is, Wedding Tourism, Sports Tourism, Medical Tourism, Adventure Tourism, Cultural and Heritage Tourism. Rajasthan is always remain as one of the most preferred tourist destination for the foreign tourist as well as for the domestic tourists. The Government of Rajasthan is focusing a lot on the development of tourism in Rajasthan. They are shifting their horizon from the traditional tourism towards the innovative tourism. Wildlife Tourism is one the most important new tourism area which is getting pace in the state .The paper is an attempt to find out the problems which is being faced by the tourists, while visiting the wildlife sanctuaries of Rajasthan. The paper also highlights the hindrances of the wildlife tourism development in the state.

The study was conducted to compare the nutritive values of Jatropha curcas seeds and kernels and the defatted products as well as to determine the correlation between the physical parameters of seeds/kernels and the chemical compositions. Jatropha seeds were collected from four different parts of Ghana where the plant is popularly grown (1. Nyankpala, Northern Region; 2. Wa, Upper West Region; 3. Dambai, Volta Region; and 4. Techiman, Brong Ahafo Region). The seeds were harvested in November, 2012 and the physical parameters of 1000 seed samples were determined. Jatropha seeds and kernels were also defatted to obtain seed and kernel meals respectively. The average whole seed and kernel weights were 0.69 ± 0.04 g and 0.43 ± 0.02 g respectively. The percentage kernel and shell of whole seed weight were in the ranges 61.19 - 62.74 % and 37.26 - 38.81 % respectively. The Kernels were significantly high (P < 0.05) in crude protein, CP (24.56 ±0.45 %) and lipid (56.14 ± 0.28 %) as compared to the whole seed CP (18.66 ± 0.11 %) and lipid (38.09 ± 0.29 %) respectively. The crude fibre was however significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the whole seed (15.70 ± 0.60 %) than the kernel (4.52 ± 0.26 %). The kernel weight had strong positive correlation with lipid value (correlation coefficient, r = 0.862) whereas shell weight showed strong negative correlation with CP and, lipid contents (r = - 0.857 and -0.759 respectively). More also, shell weight showed strong positive correlation with crude fibre content (r = 0.935). The J. curcas whole seeds contained significantly high (P < 0.05) amounts of antinutritional factors like crude phorbol ester (CPE), tannins and phytic acid as compared to the kernel. The J. curcas whole seed meal (WSM) and kernel meal (KM) varied in their nutritional compositions. The KM was very rich in crude protein, CP (64.04 ± 0.16 %) as compared to the WSM (28.60 ± 0.32 %). However, the crude fibre content was significantly low (P < 0.05) in the KM (6.79 ± 39 %) than the WSM (22.96 ± 51 %). The antinutritional factors were also higher in the WSM than the KM. The phytic acid value was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in WSM (9.45 %) than the KM (8.70 %). The CPE concentrations in both WSM (5.92 mg/g) and KM (5.55 mg/g) did not vary significantly (P > 0.05). The tannic acid concentration was however higher in the WSM (0.83 % tannic acid equivalent) while the value in the KM was negligibly lower (0.07 % tannic acid equivalent). The two Jatropha meal types (WSM and KM) contained considerable amounts of macro-minerals like phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The correlations found between some physical parameters (kernel and shell weights) and nutritional characteristics of whole seed and kernels and their respective meal types (WSM and KM) show that some of these parameters could be used as indicators to predetermine both quality and process requirements for Jatropha seeds for use as animal feed.

In this paper, we report the effective atomic number and effective electron densities of some inorganic compounds at three scattering angles 600, 800 and 1000 on a goniometer assembly for Compton Effect in the gamma energy range 280keV to 1115keV. An ORTEC model 23210 gamma-x high purity germanium detector (HpGe) has been used to record the data along with a personal computer based MCA in the angular region 500-1100. It is observed that the effective atomic numbers can be obtained by simply adding the Z-values of the constituent elements as per the chemical formula of the compound in accordance with the literature [5]. The results so obtained with respect to the inorganic samples of interest that the effective atomic number and effective electron densities are first of their kind at these energy ranges and are expected to be important in a variety of applications of Radiation Physics and Chemistry.

Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil has been a major problem in all over the world and recently use of plants to clean such soils has been on the investigation. In this work, the ability of Brassica juncea to accumulate lead metal as well as its potential application for phytoremediation was assessed. Brassica juncea is an easily cultivated and high-biomass crop which could accumulate high concentrations of lead (Pb) from polluted soil. Lead is an environmental and food chain contaminant because of its potentially deleterious effect on living organisms. This research study was conducted in pot experiment with different concentration of lead treated soils. After 60 days of growing period, plants were harvested and divided into root, stem and leaves. The Pb accumulates in all parts of plants (roots, stems and leaves). It was found that accumulating efficiency increased with the increase in the concentration of applied lead metal solution. The maximum concentration of lead metal was accumulated in the roots than those in the stems and leaves. The research indicates that Brassica juncea is a promising species for the metal tolerance and hyperaccumulation.

India is large population country; approximately 12.6 billion live in India. More population of India approximately 70% live in villages. So manufacturer huge focused on rural market. With more type of promotion manufacturer penetrate in this market. They clearly know that more sale generate more revenue. Now buyer /consumer are more conscious about product so they purchase anything very carefully. FMCGs (Fast moving consumer goods) are very short in life like daily uses thing like Beverages, bakery, sugar, detergent soap. FMCG are also called by consumer packaged goods. Although FMCGs product are non-durable goods buyer don’t think so much for purchase it. But presence of lot of competitor in this market, Buyer is always aware what he or she going to purchase. Buyer behavior and perception is very much affected on product. The objective of this paper analyze to buyer behavior towards FMCG product in rural markets. The paper also highlights the major FMCG products used by the consumers.