Archives-February 2014

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge and use of English lexical collocations and their relation to the speaking proficiency among upper- intermediate to advanced Iranian EFL learner students at Sadr Institute of higher Education. It is worth mentioning that all of the students had already passed placement test and were preparing themselves for IELTS exam. Data for the study were collected from 20 students. The participants were asked to take 2 tests .The first one was a lexical collocational test for estimating the knowledge of lexical collocation. Another one was an IELTS speaking test, to collect the participants ‘use of lexical collocation and understanding their speaking fluency. Data analysis for correlations between the subjects’ knowledge of lexical collocations and their speaking proficiency showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between students ‘knowledge of lexical collocation and their speaking proficiency in IELTS success. Current study concluded that knowledge of lexical collocation play a significant role in develop speaking proficiency particularly in IELTS exam.

This paper presents a deep study on the application of Data mining Techniques in the field of Agriculture. Data mining software applications using various methodologies have been developed by both commercial and research centers. Using this software applications Agricultural eco system is also managed. Eco system management includes soil management. Recent technologies are nowadays able to provide a lot of information on agricultural-related activities, which can then be analyzed in order to find important information .Efficient techniques can be developed and tailored for solving complex soil datasets using data mining.

This paper deals with introduction of the West and Islamic perspective on Spiritual Intelligence (SI). After defining intelligence, different perspectives on SI are provided. Dimensions and characteristics of each of them and also the positive influence of SI on private and social life are discussed. And then the Islamic definition of SI is provided and the Islamic and West perspective on SI are compared. Also some of its properties and methods of strengthening are proposed. This paper also compare the Spirituality in new civilization and religious training, which is one of the basis of SI. And at end, differences between normal intelligence and spiritual intelligence, and also suggestions for its improvement are proposed.

Nowadays regarding to increasing complexity of organizations and differences in thoughts, attitudes and beliefs of individuals, there has been some conflicts in organizations as inevitable part of organizational life which should be properly identified and managed. But now what is important to resolve organizational conflicts is awareness of the five conflict management strategies and their appropriate contexts and applications in order to select the appropriate strategy for each position; not only to prevent damage to the organization, but leading them to the realization of organizational goals. Organizational Justice is an ability of managing organizational conflict. The process and outcomes of Organizational Justice includes many results such as reduction of stress, enhancing understanding and communication, increasing stability, continuity and empathy. Conflict management is to resolve disputes, teamwork, and cooperation, working with people through shared goals, etc. this is a descriptive survey which sought to identify the impact of Organizational Justice on conflict solving strategies. In this regard, this survey achieves some results in conflict solving strategies and its impressionability based on the components of emotional intelligence.

One of the major concerns in today's world is the pollution and contamination of soil. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has caused serious health diseases. Many studies revealed a microbial preparation (biofertilizer) does not harm to the environment. Pisum sativum (Garden Pea) is known for its dietary protein source, fodder for animals and symbiotic nitrogen fixation by Rhizobium present in its root nodules. This study revealed that organism cannot grow on Glucose-Peptone Agar plate but able to grow on Yeast Extract Mannitol Agar medium (YEMA) plates and detains pink colour of YEMA medium. Different biochemical tests were done to identify Rhizobium like urease, nitrate reduction, oxidase, catalase and salt tolerance test. The present study describes the optimization of production parameters and evaluation of shelf life of Rhizobium biofertilizer inoculated in multani mitti and coal ash. It utilizes sucrose as sole carbon source, different amount of yeast extract and salts such as Epsom salt (Sendha namak), Halite (Kala namak), NaCl, NaNO3, KI. The Rhizobium isolated from Pisum sativum roots has potential to produce industrially important biofertilizer. Quality control tests were done at the stage of mother culture, production culture and purity of carrier materials. Utilization of coal ash and multani mitti as carrier in biofertilizer formulations emerged as safe and effective alternatives. Shelf life of Rhizobium biofertizer in coal ash was found to have better growth for two months. The Rhizobium can be easily immobilized onto carriers like coal ash and multani mitti hence the best way to control waste like coal ash.

The aim of this research is to study the relationship between the six virtues in positive psychology and the big five personality traits among the students at Tehran Universities. So, 317 students (179female, 138 male) were selected by random multiple cluster sampling. The tools used in study were the VIA and NEO-FFI. Data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation and stepwise regression method. The results indicated that there is a correlation between the six virtues and the personality traits. There was a significant relationship between the scale of Agreeableness with Humanity, Conscientiousness with Courage and humanity, and between extraversion with courage. Also, the scale of courage had a negative significant Relationship with Neuroticism. There was no significant relationship between Wisdom and the five personality traits. The results of Regression analysis indicated that among the five traits, extroversion could explain 0/176 and Conscientiousness 0/184 of the variance of Courage.

The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between assertiveness and early maladaptive schemas .The statistical population include all of AL Zahra university students in the year 2013-2014, in which, by using random sampling,150 students were selected. To gather data, two questionnaires of Young’s maladaptive schemas (75 items) and assertive questionnaire (40 items) of Gambril&Richi was used. Data analysis performed by using Pearson correlation test andmultiple Regressions. Results showed that there is positive significant relationship betweenmaladaptive schemas of emotional deprivation, subjugation, self-sacrifice, emotional inhibition and defectiveness / shame and assertiveness and there is an inversion relationship between Entitlement schemas and assertiveness.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between self-conscious emotions (shame proneness and guilt proneness) with attributive styles and general psychiatric symptoms. The method of the study is correlational descriptive and participants were 165 subjects (90 male subjects and 75 female) among BA students at University of Allam-e Tabatabaei randomly selected by multistage cluster sampling. We used the test of self-conscious emotion (TOSCA),¬ attributive styles ¬questionnaire (ASQ) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) for collecting information. Data were analyzed by using one-sample T test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression method. Results showed that the female subjects were more prone to feel shame and guilt and they used general and stable attributive styles in unpleasant situations. Shame proneness was positively related to depressive attributive styles. Guilt proneness was merely related to general-specific attributive styles. General-specific attributive styles, shame-proneness and internal-external attributive styles were the significant predictors of general symptoms. This variable accounted 20% of the total variance of general symptoms. Conclusion: shame-proneness, general and internal attributive styles can predict general symptoms.

Deep-sea mining system technology is complex, expensive and difficult to develop due to high cost and risks of physical models constructions. The development of deep-sea mining simulation test system is the early concept of design innovation and it is an effective tool to accelerate the maturity of the technology to ensure stable and reliable performance. RecurDyn is fully integrated linear and non-linear FEA capability software which allows the creation of detailed realistic models for design studies and product's performance improvement. In this paper a miner track system was modeled based on an optimized design in order to check for its feasibility.

Environment is the sum of all social, economical, biological, physical (or) chemical factors which constitute the surroundings of Organisms. Due to global warming, green house gas emissions, pollution, and energy crisis, world is facing a severe threat of being a very difficult place to live in. Therefore, the marketers need to include a green approach in framing the marketing programs/ strategies. With regards to this the marketers now have to go green. It means that due care must be taken while framing the marketing plans, strategies and policies so as to prevent the environment and nature from any harm caused due to its operations not only today but also in future. Few business firms have also started turning ‘green’ and embracing green marketing practices to comply with green pressures and environmental legislation. According to Kangis (1992), green marketing must be more than either a green way of marketing, or the marketing of so-called green products. Green has to refer both to the method and to the product. This is why the very idea of green marketing needs considerable development and analysis, with rules and integrity in economic, scientific, academic and ethical terms. Consumers too have become more ecologically conscious and have started demanding green products, giving rise to a movement which has been dubbed as ‘green consumerism’. The outcome of this paper may trigger the minds of readers and marketer to give a thought current market Scenario and explores the challenges and opportunities businesses have with green marketing.