Archives-December 2020

Health- Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) is a notion that is commonly used to examine the impact of health status on quality of life. HRQoL is measured by the physical and psychosocial health quality of life of children and adolescent in this study. These two measures were used to provide a better picture of overall HRQoL of children and adolescent as individual measure may not capture the HRQoL as expected. To tackle this problem, this study developed a method for combining these two measures into a summary score called absolute HRQoL of children for ease of investigating the impact of drugs (first and second line ART) on the HRQoL of children/adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Lagos State. The HRQoL data were verified to know whether the assumptions of normally distributed data and equality of standard deviations in the two groups were reasonably satisfied. These assumptions were not met due to skewness, orthogonal array-based Latin hypercube designs [OA (121,3) LHD and OA (16, 8) LHD] were adopted and the data was scaled to normally distributed data using a universally accepted mathematical formula. The standard deviations also showed that the largest standard deviation (20.53) is not more than twice as large as the smallest (15.91) and thus the assumption of equality of variances has been satisfactorily met which allowed the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach on HRQoL among children and adolescent in Lagos State. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of the ART based on the first and second line drugs on the health related quality of life of children/adolescent living with HIV in Lagos State and determine the reliability of the result obtained in this respect. Y (Health Related Quality of Life) denotes the response variable and X represents the independent variable (first and second line drugs). The p-value obtained is greater than 0.05 indicating that there is sufficient evidence that the mean of the health related quality of life of children and adolescent on first line ART and those on second line ART do not differ significantly as shown in Table 6. Conclusively, children and adolescent in both groups are doing fine in terms of their health related quality of life. The rationale behind this may be attributed to their level of adherence to taking drugs at regular times and as prescribed.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used drugs in medicine for various inflammatory conditions. The study was aimed at determining toxic effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in wistar Albino rats by assessing their Biochemical and hematological properties. A total of twenty one (21) adult Wistar rats were used for this research. Diclofenac sodium, Ibuprofen, Aspirin, piroxicam, Celecoxib and indomethazine treatment groups (n =3) was orally administered to each rat following the corresponding dose which was selected based on the LD dose in rats and body weight. Treatment of the animals was done for 14 days after the 7 days acclimatization before sacrificing them through cervical dislocation. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture, using 5ml syringes and 23G needles into blood sample containers for hematological analysis and the liver and Kidney was harvested for biochemical analysis using the principles of biochemical and hematological analysis. The hematological results show that the drug-treated groups had significant decrease in the values of Hb concentration, PCV, RBC and WBC when compared with the control group. However, Hb concentration levels were also observed to increase in Indomethazine, celecoxib, aspirin and diclofenac-treated groups when compared with the control. Biochemical results shows a significant increase of the drug-treated groups of the levels of serum ALP, total bilirubin, total protein, creatinine, albumin, urea, total cholesterol, in comparison with the control group. The results therefore showed that NSAIDs used in this study had toxic effects on vital animal tissues, resulting in hematological disorder, hepatic and renal impairments. 

This paper addressed supply chain management from another angle of view, which is explored the importance of leadership style in the supply chain process. The first part of this paper presents an overview of supply chain management and the definitions stated by researchers for decades. Furthermore, this paper reveals the dilemmas in supply chain management and some barriers facing the organizations' leaders to overcome these obstacles. Therefore, the second part of this paper presents and develops the two theories of cultural intelligence and strategic flexibility that helps managers to overcome these dilemmas. This part will present the theories background and the importance of the application of these concepts on supply chain management in general and in the healthcare industry in specific. Finally, we provide some suggestions for future researchers to consider these two variables as the main factors in their studies due to the importance of the culture in today's businesses and du to globalization. Moreover, researchers must pay attention to the role of planning in supply chain management in the future.

Instructional scaffolding techniques like graphic organizers aid L2 learners in the mastery of tasks. This study aimed at exploring the effects of graphic organizers on listening comprehension and incidental vocabulary acquisition. To this end, a total number of 157 Iranian intermediate EFL who met the homogeneity criterion of the Oxford Quick Placement Test were assigned to an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG), through a quasi-experimental design. The participants received a pretest, the instruction, and a posttest. The pedagogical sequences proposed by Vandergrift and Goh (2012) was the underlying roadmap for both CG and EG's instruction. However, the EG's participants were provided with four graphic organizers. In order to assess the efficacy of the graphic organizers, both descriptive analysis and ANCOVA were employed. The results of the study indicated that the EG's participants outperformed their peers regarding both listening comprehension and vocabulary acquisition. Moreover, the data obtained from an interview revealed the learners' positive attitudes towards the treatment. This study could help practitioners in the field of SLA support the use of graphic organizers as instructional scaffolding strategies.

Retroperitoneal nonfunctioning paraganglioma are rare tumors. They are defined as an extra-adrenal chromaffin tumors and represent approximately 1/5th of chromaffin tumors. They can develop in contact with the pancreas, whose puncture or surgical resection can lead to serious complications. They are most often asymptomatic, and can reach important dimensions. We report a case of a 49-years-old female patient who was admitted to the hospital for epigastric pain and vomiting. CT-scan showed a posteriorly developing mass. The diagnosis of retropancreatic paraganglioma, was made by EUS-guided fine needle aspiration(FNA), this diagnosis was initially taken for a pancreatic lésion at endoscopy ultrasound(EUS). Complete surgical excision was performed after specific anesthetic preparation and anatomopathological study of the biopsied material. The treatment of paraganglioma is surgical, but management must be multidisciplinary. It is important to search whenever there is a juxtapancreatic tumor, arguments that can guide to the diagnosis of paraganglioma and use reliable means of diagnosis to confirm it.

Lepidium sativum Polyphenol constituents of (aqueous, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether) seed extracts were examined by HPLC, the aqueous extract contained 17 compounds were 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid), 3(3,4-Dihydroxycinnamoyl)quinate (Chlorogenic acid), (2R,3S)-2-(3,4Dihydroxphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol (Catechin), 1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione (caffeine), 3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid (Coffeic acid), 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzoic acid (Syringic acid), Rutin, Benzene-1,2-diol (Pyro catechol), 4,4,5,5,6,6-Hexahydroxydiphenic acid 2,6,2,6-dilactone (Ellagic acid), 4-Hydroxycinnamic (Coumaric acid), 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde (Vanillin), hydroxycinnamic acid (Ferulic acid), 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one(Naringenin), Proply 3,4.5-trihydroxybenzoate(PropylGallate),4`.7-DihdroxyisoFlavone, 2-(3,4dihyoxyphenyl-3.5.7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one, (Quercetin), (2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid (Cinnamic Acid). The Lepidium sativum ethyl acetate and petroleum ether seed extract contained 13 compounds were 3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoic acid (gallic acid), 3(3,4-Dihydroxycinnamoyl)quinate (Chlorogenic acid), (2R,3S)-2-(3,4Dihydroxphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol(Catechin),1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6dione(caffeine), 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid (Syringic acid), Rutin, 4,4,5,5,6,6-Hexahydroxydiphenic acid 2,6,2,6-dilactone (Ellagic acid),4-Hydroxycinnamic (Coumaric acid), 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde (Vanillin), hydroxycinnamic acid (Ferulic acid), 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromn-4-one (Naringenin), 2-(3,4-dihyoxyphenyl-3.5.7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one,(Quercetin) (2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid (Cinnamic Acid). The four type of different pathogenic bacteria ( Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus0, treated with different seed extract of Lepidium sativum ( Aqueous, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether) by Mueller Hinton Agar and measuring inhibition zone (diameter mm), show that there were significant differences among bacteria and different method of extract. All different Lepidium sativum seed extract (aqueous, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether) have high activity against Candida albicans fungus. The study was conducted to identify the Lepidium sativum polyphenol Compound and the activity against bacteria and fungi

Education is bound to be affected if safety and security concerns of students are not addressed fully. With the emergence of the need to present ideas, views and opinions, students usually engage in unruly behavior aimed at seeking attention from the management to listen to them. The objective of the study was to determine how Students discipline affect safety measures in public boarding secondary schools in Trans- Nzoia County, Kenya. The study used descriptive survey research design. The study targeted 40 principals, 754 teachers, 22,562 students and 84 security officers in 40 public boarding secondary schools in Trans-Nzoia County. Simple random sampling and purposive sampling procedure were used to select boarding secondary schools. The total sample was 403 respondents which comprised of 20 principals, 143 teachers, 220 students and 20 security officers. Questionnaires, interview schedule, document analysis, observation checklist and focus groups were used as data collection instruments. Data was analysed using descriptive statistical techniques that were frequencies and percentages. Data was presented in tables and charts. The student indiscipline was a safety threat to other students. The common indiscipline cases were theft, sneaking, drug abuse and fires. Drugs and substance abuse played a major role in influencing indiscipline in secondary schools. This study recommends that teachers under the supervision of the principals should conduct regular impromptu search of the students’ items and the school facilities in order to discover security gaps that need to be sealed in the schools. The students, teachers, security officers and any other stakeholders should be sensitized on the safety rules.

Education is bound to be affected if safety and security concerns of students are not addressed fully. The objective of the study was to determine the role of financial resources in implementation of school safety measures in public boarding secondary schools in Trans- Nzoia County, Kenya. The study used descriptive survey research design. The study targeted 754 teachers from 40 public boarding secondary schools in Trans-Nzoia County. stratification and simple random sampling were used to select boarding secondary schools. The total sample was 143 teachers. Questionnaires were used as data collection instruments. Data was analysed using descriptive statistical techniques that were frequencies and percentages. Data was presented in tables. The study found out the ministry of education had no provisions for allocation of funds to take care of safety needs and requirements in the institutions. It ascertained that the secondary schools have vote heads allocated for the purpose of catering for the safety needs and requirements though in many instances the schools diverted the funds to other needs that they felt were more pressing owing to situation of shortfalls in financing and budgetary deficits. The government through the Ministry of Education should ensure that Standard Safety Guidelines are availed to all schools and the schools be allocated sufficient funds to be able to implement the guidelines. Funds should always be availed at the required times to allow for the provision of infrastructure for safety requirements and the allowing of purchase of tools and implements for safety needs.

The purpose of the study was to investigate teachers’ readiness on the implementation of the competency-based curriculum in private pre-schools in Keiyo North Sub-County, Nairobi City County. The study objective was to establish teachers’ readiness on the implementation of the competence-based curriculum in public pre-schools. The study adopted curriculum implementation theory and descriptive survey design. The target population was 38 public pre-schools, 38 head teachers and 320 pre-school teachers. Simple random sampling was used to select the sample which comprised 108 respondents, 96 pre-school teachers and 12 head teachers. Data was collected using questionnaires. The quantitative data was processed and analysed with the help of the SPSS software programme using Pearson product moment correlation. There was a positive influence of teacher readiness (r = .431) on implementation of competency-based curriculum. This implies that as the teacher readiness improved the on implementation of competency-based curriculum increased. Teachers’ should be adequately prepared in readiness for implementation of a new curriculum through in-service training, seminars and workshops for effective implementation of the curriculum.

In Kenya, the government’s priority in education is in ensuring that quality is maintained at the Directorate of Quality Assurance and Standards (DQAS) which is mandated to coordinate, follow up, and advise on curriculum delivery at school level. The Quality Assurance and Standards Officers (QASO’s) are members of that Directorate and are expected to uphold quality. The study investigated on the influence of QASO’s’ instructional supervisory practices on curriculum implementation in public primary schools in Uasin Gishu County in Kenya. The research study adopted a descriptive survey design. Simple random sampling was used to select 10% of the128 public schools in the County. The study sample was composed of 1 Sub-County Quality Assurance and Standards Officer and 6 zonal QASO’s who were purposively selected from each zone in the Sub-County. From the sampled 56 schools, the 56 head teachers were automatically selected and 168 teachers were randomly selected from those schools. Questionnaires were used to gather data from teachers and head teachers. Data was analyzed using SPSS and findings were presented in frequency tables. The study findings established that QASO’s visited other schools once per year but they carried out their assessments in most of the schools once a term. On coordination of cocurricular activities, QASO’s rarely organized or coordinated co-curricular activities. During assessments, QASO’s advised teachers and head teachers on co-curricular activities. The study recommended that QASO’s supervisory visits should be done twice in a term. QASO’s should accord co-curricular activities equal measure of attention during assessment for promotion of all goals of education and development of an all-round individual in the learner.