International Business

The introduction and appearance of Chinese brands in the international market is an emerging issue for Chinese firms. This paper highlights the challenges encountered by Chinese firms while moving towards original brand manufacturing (OBMs from original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The study identifies that branding dilemma, the performance of Chinese firms in domestic markets, lack of government support, need of global distribution channel and marketing, technology backwardness and need for strong R&D activities are some important factors that are impeding the successful switching of Chinese OEMs to OBMs. The OEMs can convert these challenges into opportunities by effectively coping with them. The study also presents some recommendations to deal with the problems.

This study aims to bring forth some interesting research findings on an emerging field of entrepreneurial financing i.e. crowdfunding by focusing on the some recent advancement in the academic research. Since the inception of world’s pioneer crowdfunding platforms namely: Kickstarter, the scholars have turned their attentions towards this new emergent field of entrepreneurial finance. In crowdfunding, a vast number of people contribute in small proportions towards novel or innovative projects by using internet platforms. This study reveals that till now the research on crowdfunding mechanism has focused on developed markets; while the studies from developing markets are rare. Lastly, this study points out some interesting research gaps and provides future research directions. 

Objectives of the present study are to investigate empirically the impact of exports on economic growth of Indonesia. For empirical estimation of export function, simple log linear regression equation and the method of least squares have been utilized. Empirical results revealed that the impact of export is significant with positive sign during the study period. It means that due to promotion of exports, economic growth of Indonesia would increase. The findings of this study suggest that the policy makers need to expand volume of exports in order to achieve higher level of economic growth and improve social well-being of the community.

Reinvention of the mortgage market through the creation of a secondary market has been identified as one of the solution to the lack of funds that plague the Nigerian housing sector. There is however a set of institutional barriers that have created risk factors that are responsible for the high interest rates on mortgage loans in economy. This paper identifies some of these barriers as the requirement of Governor’s consent, revocation of right of occupancy, mortgage registration period and foreclosure period and the cost of foreclosure. It further reveals their nature in the present mortgage lending practice and makes recommendation to improve the practice in preparation for any secondary mortgage market operations.

Recent studies have shown That job satisfaction Positive definite form With users' satisfaction Information is relevant. This study has shown The job satisfaction of both the At the individual level and organizational level Will be effective upon execution and performance. In this study, Accountants to review the consent Into the computer accounting system And its impact on job satisfaction Accountants Kermanshah province has focused on government agencies. Other analyzes of other Including gender, type of accounting information systems, the number of tasks, frequency of computer use And is computer literate. These studies on 43 Accountants employed in public organizations has been the province of Kermanshah. Results from these studies show The job satisfaction of accountants Certainly with the consent of the accounting information system Their relationship is positive. Also, job satisfaction Higher with more frequent use The computer is connected. No evidence And there is evidence that other communication Among other variables with job satisfaction And consent of the accounting information system Is available. It is therefore proposed studies The accounting system designers Visitors should use the More aware and involved the use The building's computer system.

The glory of Islamic civilization since the year 750 AD has shown that the economic institutions of Islam brought by the very strong and managed to survive so many years. This paper aims to explore the development of economic institutions in the glory of Islamic civilization. This study used qualitative methods, through literature review and document analysis of past studies. The results showed that the economy is one factor that contributed towards the rise of Islam in line with the administrative aspects, political, military and others. In addition to not shirk their duties within the community, economic development should be incorporated with Islamic values outlined by the Qur’an and Hadith.

The purpose of this article is to examine the broad contours of Eritrea-India relations in the past two decades, and in turn to stimulate further academic and policy researches with specific focus on the opportunities and challenges. To this end, secondary and primary sources have been thoroughly referred. Eritrea-India relation was formally established when Eritrea emerged as an independent sovereign state on May 24, 1993. Since then, both countries shared multi-dimensional relations, but with very limited results. India has provided manifold assistance to Eritrea in areas, such as agriculture, education, and science and Technology. India’s engagement with Eritrea also extended to technical assistance, training and capacity development under the framework of South–South cooperation. Recent development in trade and various investment initiatives are also a reflection of the new stride in the bilateral friendship. In addition, Eritrea has been hiring a great number of skilled labour from India. However, the bilateral relations is not always without estranges. Trade imbalance, restrictive monetary and fiscal policies and Eritrea’s more closeness to China are among other fault-lines. The balance sheet of the two states bilateral relations however proves the positive gains from the current diplomatic impetus. Finally, the researchers suggested to Eritrea and India to make more effort to bit back fences against the curve of evolving bilateral relation and avoid obsolete mechanism which is purely interest driven.

Paper is aimed to present information about the relationship of all three concepts namely corporate governance, business ethics and corporate social responsibility will be analyzed in an effort to identify and discuss their linkages to modern management implications.

Empirical studies on the short run and long run effects of the exchange rates on trade balance are classified in two groups. First group have used the overall level of foreign trade data between one country and the world, and second one (including this study and recent studies) have employed bilateral trade data between a country and its major trading partners. The present paper by using Auto Regressive Distribution Lags (ARDL) and annually data during time period 1979-2006 has analyzed the presence of J curve between Iran and selected European trading partners including France, Germany and Switzerland. The results obtained shows that the bilateral J curve hypothesis is confirmed in the short run but there is no evidence to support for the hypothesis in the long run. So, based on the results, the hypothesis is not completely confirmed. It’s mentionable that regarding to and tests, all coefficients are stable.

The basic aim of this analysis is relationship between organizational justice and professional commitment in Kermanshah official organizations. Material and methods: This analysis is based on descriptive analysis and from survey branch. Information gathering means is questionnaire, and in order to organizational justice analysis Chester and Ted (2007) 20 scores questionnaire is used and for organizational justice Vallas . et al., (1999) 12 scores questionnaire is used. Organizational justice questionnaire stability was 0.81 and professional commitment stability was 0.89, so because of Coronbach a=0.7 so two questionnaires have necessary stability. Statically population volume is 660 subjects from official organization staffs. According to sampling ways we choose some rate between them so finally we collect 104 questionnaires. Findings: For determining acquired data Kolmogorov - Simonov test is used and results confirm data normality. Used test in this analysis are correlation spearman test, line regression test, T-test and Friedman test and with using related test confirmed research propositions; results shows that in the aim community with improving organizational justice and professional commitment in staffs is increased too, line-regression results between organizational justice and professional commitment shows that between inter organizational justice as a independent variable and professional commitment there is linearity relationship. From 3 dimension of organizational justice just interactional justice has potentiality in changes in dependent and independent variables, so this shows that interactional justice in organizations is very important. So according to ordering Friedman test between 3 dimension of justice organizational; interactional justice has higher mean and distributive justice has lower mean and procedural justice put in second order.