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A centrality measure has been proposed considering the directionality of power flow of future smart grid. Applicability of the proposed method has been evaluated in several standard IEEE test systems. Various comparisons are shown between impacts of removal of critical nodes found from two different models: nondirectional and bidirectional. Larger impact of removing critical nodes found from bidirectional flow model shows the utility of the proposed method. Measures of impacts considered are changes in path length, loss of connectivity and load lost during cascade.

Today the term big data draws a lot of attention. Big data is the new technology that enables an organization to take advantage of the natural resource of big data. Organizations store up huge amounts of information, they can mine those databases to discover subtle patterns, correlations, or relationships that human brains can’t perceive on their own because the scales involved are beyond our ability to process. Big data is a hot topic in the market today and attracted a lot of attention from retail, automotive, and manufacturing industry, government as well as academia. This paper introduces several enhancements in big data over data mining and relational database. Finally, I discuss the urgency of big data processing in cloud computing environments.

Dredged sediments cause serious problems for managers of the port of Oran due to lack of storage areas on land, so the solution chosen is a dumping at sea. The present study is based on the characterization of sediments collected from different docks of the port of Oran. Results obtained have allowed delineating two areas of contamination. Contaminated sediments are dangerous wastes. For sediments contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants, the chemical treatment with a phosphate is proposed for a reuse as sand in mortars. The results led to the conclusion of the technical feasibility of this solution.

This study provides a small scale survey of English verbs that can take cognate objects (CO) both in Pakistani and British fictions in English language. Frequencies of the verbs along with cognate object constructions occurring in Pakistani English fiction (PEF) and British English fiction (BEF) have been compared and analyzed using AntConc 3.2.2w (windows) 2008. Several syntactic properties of cognate objects have also been investigated: such as the ability to take modifier, possibility of the cognate objects to be used as pronouns (it – pronominalization) have also been verified in cognate object constructions (COC) in Pakistani as well as in British English varieties. Focus of the study is on the characteristics of English verbs. It has been found that cognate object constructions are used less in PEF as compared to their presence in BEF. Proving the fact that cognate object constructions as the complex sentence structure. As English is not the native language of Pakistan, so the writers usually avoid the usage of cognate object constructions in PEF. The study establishes Pakistani English as an independent variety using its own distinctive linguistic features.

The comparative nutritional values of bambara nut obtained from major market in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria were determined using standard analytical methods. The parameters investigated in proximate composition include protein, fat, fibre, moisture, carbohydrate and ash contents, The moisture content values ranged from 2.86±0.22 – 3.43±0.31%; crude protein 29.83±0.11 – 31.20±0.52%; crude fat 7.21±0.03 - 8.09±0.34% and ash content 3.20±0.17 - 5.98±0.40%; crude fibre 3.76±0.03 – 4.70±0.09 and total carbohydrate 48.82±0.16 – 51.56±0.21 % for bambara nut from the three markets respectively. The three samples contain reasonable amount of essential minerals such as Potassium, Sodium, Phosphorus, Calcium, Copper, Manganese, Iron and Zinc while Lead content was below the detection limits. Base on the mineral contents obtained from this work, it shows that, these samples can be use to meet the daily recommended intake value for man and his animal. This study therefore suggested that bambara nut can serve as a reliable foodstuff which can provide the basic nutrient we need in our body.

Bicycle is recognized as a transportation solution helping to improve various environmental, economical and social aspects. A variety of bicycle design and setups for utility are used to carry personal belongings, groceries, children and much more. One particular utility bicycle is the folding bicycle. Its design allows users to easily transport the bicycle using less space when the bicycle is “folded” in to a compact size. When using a folding bicycle with a bicycle-transit journey, it allows individuals ability to board transit vehicles. The versatility of a folding bicycle is also appropriate for air travel and for when inadequate parking and bicycle theft is a significant concern.

Primarily, the vibrational spectroscopic signature of 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline has been studied experimentally by means of FT-IR and FT-Raman techniques. The electron donating and electron withdrawing effects on the structure of aniline and effects of substituent positions on the vibrational spectra of the title molecule in comparison with similar kind of molecules have also been illustrated. The details about hyperconjugative interactions, HOMO-LUMO energy gap, and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface analysis have been predicted with the help of theoretical density functional theory computations.

The purpose of this study was to detect the concentrations of various heavy metals in meat, liver, milk and fodder of buffaloes by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. For this purpose samples were collected from areas of Kasur and Ring road each having three different sites where fields are irrigated with the industrial effluents. During present investigations the level of most heavy metals in meat of buffaloes ranges from Zn 13.9 to 22.5, Co 0.625 to 33.125, Cu 0.15 to 12.8, Cd 0.14 to 20.4, Ni 2.45 to 27.54, Cr 0.242 to 0.406.However the concentration of these metals in liver of buffaloes ranges from Zn 10.81 to 77.43, Co 3.958 to 20.625, Cu 1.52 to 12.88, Cd 11.85 to 26.1, and Ni 1.29 to 23.38, Cr 0.3122 to 0.4061. In milk of buffaloes it ranges from Zn 3.197 to 18.15, Co 3.958 to 166.458, Cu 0.22 to 6.06, Cd 20.4 to 209, Ni 2.54 to 65.04, Cr 0.2653 to 3.844. Similar levels were seen in fodder of buffaloes Zn 13.15 to 25.05, Co 0.208 to 53.125, Cu 0.38 to 10.61, Cd 0.05 to 9, Ni 0.45 to 47.54, and Cr 0.383 to 0.4765. Generally most values of heavy metals have been found higher in milk of buffaloes from areas of Kasur. Detoxication of industrial effluents being used for irrigation purpose is highly recommended.

The main purpose of this paper explore a method for determining the radial cutting forces during drilling and power spent on cutting, analytical way. Inspect and acquire the skills to work with reference books.which improved the tools efficiency .where not balanced radial components of the cutting forces ?fy, was found to specified the analytical dependences components of cutting forces. Calculations show that the vibrations of unbalanced force ?fy commensurate with magnitude fy radial component of the cutting force, and sometimes exceed this force.

Bipolar plates (BPs) are a key component of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells with multifunctional character. They uniformly distribute fuel gas and air, conduct electrical current from cell to cell, remove heat from the active area, and prevent leakage of gases and coolant. Bi-Polar Plates also significantly contributes to the volume, weight and cost of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell stacks. Hence, there are vigorous efforts worldwide to find suitable materials for Bi-Polar Plates. The materials include non-porous graphite, coated metallic sheets, polymer composites, etc. This paper reviews various types of materials, in use and proposed, for Bi-Polar Plates and critically examines their physical and chemical properties.