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The combine performance characteristics are related to threshing ability, the minimum amount of loss and fuel consumption. Loss is the most important of these factors. Material threshing is one of processes which have more effect on combine performance. Threshing efficiency has been inversely associated with threshing loss. It is desired to maximize threshing efficiency in threshing mechanism, because it will decrease the load of separation and cleaning mechanisms, which lead to reduction of separation system losses. Stem height, feed rate, threshing clearance ratio and rotational speed of threshing cylinder are operation parameters, which are used in combine design and its performance evaluating. In order to evaluate effect of these parameters on threshing material, experiments were conducted in 4×3×3 factorial pattern with Randomize Blocks design. Material threshing was considered as a dependent variable. These experiments were done on 68’s Sahand combine harvester. Results were analyzed in Neurosolutions 5.0 software. Multilayer Perceptron with four inputs and one output, with a different number of neurons in hidden layer, was used to estimate the amount of material threshing. Results showed that a network with 21 neurons in hidden layer had minimum MSE with R2=0.9. Furthermore, results showed that the amount of material threshing had dependent on stem height, threshing clearance ratio, speed of threshing cylinder and feed rate, respectively. Material threshing was increased with reduction in stem height, feed rate, threshing clearance ratio and speed up of threshing cylinder.

This study aims at assessing the compatibility of critical success factors in new products developments with structural variables of various sports manufacturing industries in Tehran. Use of a descriptive correlational study, 80 employees and managers of various sports manufacturing companies in Tehran were totally examined, 70 of which delivered the completely filled-in questionnaires. After the approval of validity and reliability of researcher-made questionnaire, data were collected. The results revealed that indices of NPD's critical factors are able to predict structural variables, and critical success factors of new products have positive and significant relationships with structural variables. Finally, it can be said that the research model consists of optimal independent variables (critical factors in new product development) and dependent variables (structural variables), and the set of independent variables are able to explain changes in structural variables. The sport industry was ranked twenty-third with an income equivalent to 50.2 billion dollars in 1987, and after ten years in 1997 it attained the rank of eleventh with an income equivalent to 152 billion dollars. In 1999, it reached 213 billion dollars and the sports.

In the economics of Iran according to the mixture of the incomes of the country, tax can be considered as a kind of assured income. Whereas the important part of tax revenues in Iran depends directly and non-directly on oil revenues, this important matter has severely damaged the tax incomes against fluctuated oil revenues. Being lower 20 percent share of direct incomes to general budget can be assessed as an increased share of oil from the incomes of government. The results of this research present that the extent of the oil revenues of the country has negative effect on tax revenues during research ages. The result is that for revising the structure of country tax system, this matter should be considered in execution process and how to use of expertise people power and revision in this case must be done?in order that tax system be efficient in national economy.

In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of seeds on alloxan induced diabetic rats. After the citrullus colocynthis plant treatment all the change were reversed and reaches the near normal level.

Processing blurred images is a key problem in many image applications. Existing methods to obtain blur invariants which are invariant with respect to centrally symmetric blur are based on geometric moments or complex moments. In this paper, we propose a new method to construct a set of blur invariants using the orthogonal Legendre moments. Some important properties of Legendre moments for the blurred image are presented and proved. The performance of the proposed descriptors is evaluated with various point-spread functions and different image noises. The comparison of the present approach with previous methods in terms of pattern recognition accuracy is also provided. Theexperimental results show that the proposed descriptors are more robust to noise and have better discriminative power than the methods based on geometric or complex moments.

This article aims to identify the impact of the course the School-Based Assessment (SBA) against the level of understanding of teachers Living Skills in secondary schools for producing management system SBA that efficiently and effectively. School-Based Assessment (SBA) implemented in phases starting in early 2011 was a transformation in the education system to develop human capital in a holistic manner with emphasize the mastery of knowledge, intellectual capital, and the adoption of a progressive culture that values, ethics and morality. To meet this educational transformation, the Teacher Education Division has provided appropriate training programs and sufficient for increasing understanding among teachers in the management of SBA. For manage the school-based assessment, teachers must understand how SBA implementation carried out can be planned, administered, give scores, and reported in a systematic manner in accordance with procedures prescribed by the Malaysian Examinations Board (MMB). Through a strong understanding can help teachers implement assessment tasks properly and efficiently in increasing the effectiveness of teaching. This article provides information on the analysis of the level of understanding living skills teachers was attending a SBA course so as to create an efficient management assessment. Analysis of information and data obtained from 14 secondary schools in the District of Jasin, Melaka.

Maximum power point trackers (MPPTs) play a vital role in photovoltaic (PV) systems because they increase the efficiency of the solar photovoltaic system by increasing the power output. MPPT algorithms are necessary because PV arrays have a non linear voltage-current characteristic with a unique point where the power produced is maximum. The output power from the solar panel varies with solar irradiance, temperature and so on. To increase the power extracted from the solar panel, it is necessary to operate the photovoltaic (PV) system at the maximum power point (MPP). This paper presents the Matlab/simulink arrangement of perturb & observe (P&O) and incremental conductance (INC) MPPT algorithm which is responsible for driving the dc-dc boost converter to track maximum power point (MPP). This paper also presents the theoretical analysis of variable step size (VSS) of INC MPPT which can effectively improve the tracking speed and accuracy of maximum power.

Differential Evolutionary Algorithm is a simple but powerful computing tool for real parameter optimization. This article describes the application of this technique for designing a PID controller for Electromagnetic levitation system (EMLS).EMLS is inherently unstable and strongly non-linear in nature. Classical controllers designed for this system give no satisfactory performance. Little change in the operating air gap position deteriorates the controller performance making the system unstable. Therefore a need arises to make one controller such that it will give the optimum performance in the sense of changing gap positions .To that end Differential Evolutionary Algorithm (DEA) is used to fulfil this goal. The analysis is performed within the mathematical programming environment of MATLAB using both DEA and Conventional Genetic Algorithm (CGA) and a detailed comparative study is presented.

Efforts to minimize dose delivered to critical organs of cancer patients and also to improve local tumour control have led to the development of High Dose Rate (HDR) brachytherapy procedures. The associated risks in HDR brachytherapy are relatively high, hence strict quality assurance requirements are needed. In this study, mathematical model has been used to compute the dose rate distributions around an Ir-192 HDR brachytherapy source. The calculations were based on separation of dose rates around the sources into transverse axis component and an anisotropy function. The two dimensional coordinate system for anisotropy functions was then transformed into a one dimensional system with radial distances from the centre of the source as constraints. The maximum average fit uncertainty was found to be 0.35% for the anisotropy functions. The maximum uncertainty in the calculated dose rate distribution around the source was 14.31%, which is less than the uncertainty quoted in published reports for other methods. The model is therefore an improvement over existing recommended systems for dose calculations and the results can be used as quality control tool to improve dose delivery to cancer patients undergoing brachytherapy.

We are very happy to announce that from 24th January 2017, Dr. Mohammad Akram has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He/She will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on English Literature. Dr. Mohammad Akram working as English Club Deanship, Jazan University, Jazan, KSA. The appointment of Dr. Mohammad Akram as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal.