Organizational Behaviour

The objective of this study is to investigate whether employees’ morale will be a factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to investigate whether accountability will be factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to find out whether bureaucracy will be a factor affecting implementation of performance contracts, to investigate whether setting objective mechanism will be a factor affecting productivity by use of performance contract and to make recommendations on policy evaluating and implementation of performance contract on public service staff on areas that need improvement to enable and enhance implementation of performance contract that will beneficial to both the government and employees of parastatals as implementation is concerned.

The purpose of this study was to establish the extent to which CBOs in Kisumu County apply Ansoff's Product Market Growth Strategy. In this context the study examined the four Ansoff's growth Strategies namely: Market Penetration, Market Development, Product Development and Diversification Strategies. The study was descriptive in nature. The population of interest consisted of Community Based Organizations in Kisumu County which numbered 223 CBOs. Given the large number of CBOs, a sample size was targeted and random sampling conducted. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire administered to the respondents through drop and pick later method. Out of a targeted sample of 69 CBOs, 59 of them responded giving 85% response rate while data was analyzed using mean scores, standard deviation and t-tests. Findings showed that CBOs apply all the four growth strategies with market penetration being the most widely applied. The respondents stated relevance in services/products offering as the most influencing factor to their strategic choice while attracting donor funding remained the least. On views on how to improve on the capacities and growth of local CBOs, majority respondents expressed improved funding, improved community mobilization and improved method of service/products delivery as most applicable. Study findings present market penetration strategy as the most preferred through free added services. This is an indication of what heads of CBOs should pursue in order to achieve their organizational growth. Pursuit of Relevance in service offerings and competition are leading factors influencing choice of strategy. While the study served to fill a knowledge gap, it has well opened more areas like exploring levels of competition within CBOs by scholars. The fact that there is growth in CBOs should inform the Government and other nongovernmental organizations that CBOs have a role to play in achieving millennium goals. Thus, handling of CBOs operational limitations like lack secure and permanent facilities are crucial dimensions for their growth.

The study examines the challenges behind the succession and sustainability of family businesses. Mentoring was identified as the means to tackle this menace. The study was conducted in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Eight family businesses were selected through purposive sampling method. The inclusion criteria were operational family businesses in their second or more generation. Data were collected using fifteen semi structured, in depth, face to face interviews with participants. Sampling continue until saturation of the data was reached. Content analysis approach was applied to analyse the data. Family business successors acknowledged mentoring shaped their emergence as the successor of their family businesses. 

The retail sector has played a phenomenal role throughout the world in increasing productivity of consumer goods and services. The India Retail Industry is the largest among all the industries. Modern retail industry plays an important and vital role in the economies of all modern societies. All the big business houses are entering in this sector and it is growing at a very past pace. The present study leads to explore the changing face of Indian Retail Industry in India. This paper also focuses on the shift of consumers from unorganized retail to organized retail. The retailing industry, which, until the early 1990s, was dominated by the unorganized sector, witnessed a rapid growth in the organized sector with the entry of corporate groups such as Tata, RPG, ITC and Bennett Coleman & Company into the retailing market. Retailing in India is progressively inching its way to becoming the next roar industry. The whole concept of shopping has tainted in terms of layout and consumer buying behavior, ushering in a uprising in shopping. Modern retail has entered India as seen in rambling shopping centers, multi-storied malls and huge complexes offer shopping, entertainment and food all under one roof. The changes in the organized retail industry are visible in the form of new retailing formats, modern techniques, exclusive retail outlets, emergence of retail chains etc. Shopping in India has witnessed a revolution with the change in consumer buying behavior and the format of shopping. The retail industry in India has modernized , and this can be seen from the fact that there are multi stored malls , huge shopping centre’s and sprawling complexes , which offer food , shopping & entertainment all under the same roof. Now the purchasing power of Indian urban consumer is growing. Increased availability of retail space, rapid urbanization, and qualified manpower also boosted the growth of the organized retailing sector . Apart from this, social changes such as increase in the number of nuclear families and the growing number of working couples resulting in increased spending power also contributed to the increase in the Indian consumers’ personal consumption.

The issue of labour turnover is central to many current related debates in economics, public policies and more so in human resources management. Monitoring of flow of employees in and out of the organization is crucial for the survival of many organizations. The critical in the operation of many businesses is labour which constitute human resources. This is because the cost of labour makes up the largest proportion of the operational cost of business and organization. The main objective was to determine the demographic factors that influence labour turnover among Micro Finance Institutions in Kenya. The study employed descriptive survey design method. The study was conducted in selected Microfinance Institutions within the Nairobi city centre. The target population was the supervisors and subordinates of the MFIs. The study targeted 24 MFIs, supervisors and subordinates. Stratified random sampling was used to identify a sample of Six MFIs. Two supervisors and three subordinates were sampled. The main instrument for data collection was questionnaire which had both structured and unstructured questions. Secondary data was collected through annual reports. Pilot study was done and test retest method was used to determine the reliability of the instruments. Data analysis was done using SPSS and data presented inform of frequencies, percentages, tables and graphical presentations.

In the world of intense economic challenges, striking a healthy balance of work and life outside the work offers potential for tremendous growth – Personal and Professional. The article is aimed at examining the WLB of software professionals that are impacted by the demographic variables like gender, age, marital status, managerial or on managerial level and salary level among employees of the company from IT sector .The empirical study also tries to understand weaker areas amongst the six components of WLB index that needs improvement. Review of literature followed by survey research using Work life balance scale by Udai Pareek. Based on the sample of 144 IT employees, it was found that gender has no impact on work life balance index. Marital status of an employee indicated to have impact on worklife balance, with unmarried employees having better WLB index. Age and managerial levels were found to have impact on WLB index. Salary level was found to have no impact on work life balance on the employees. The coping strategies provided in the study , tailor made for the specific situation can be adapted by many more IT companies operating in Bangalore. The findings of the study have major implications for formulating and implementing newer HR strategies and policies.

Employee empowerment seeks to increase the employees’ responsibility, build their morale and improve the quality of their work life by creating a working environment where an employee is allowed to make his own decisions or participate in the decisions of the management in specific work-related situations. Ideally, when an employee feels valued in an organization, he will be more productive, loyal and confident. The main purpose of this study was to establish the influence of employee empowerment on primary school teachers’ performance in Kakamega Central District., Kenya. The study used descriptive and correlation survey design to collect data from 164 teachers through questionnaires and document analysis. Data was analysed using frequencies, percentages and Pearson’s Product moment correlation coefficient test. The study concluded that the autonomy the teachers’ had in their work execution and the impact of their duties had the greatest influence on teachers’ performance. Competence, manifested as training, knowledge and skills they possessed had a minimal effect on teachers’ performance. The study recommends that employees should be encouraged to value their work and be allowed to participate in decision making especially on issues related to task accomplishment in a bid to enhance their performance.

Operational strategies of pharmaceutical companies are changing every decade, in line with changes in production management, focusing primarily on productivity and economies of scale, economy quality, production flexibility on the scheduling of production, customer, and then - to the economy of speed, innovation and knowledge, skills and cooperation. The Operational strategies of pharmaceutical enterprises change every decade, in line with changes in production management, focusing primarily on productivity and economies of scale, the quality of the economy, ensuring the flexibility of production in the production planning account, customer orientation, and then-at the speed economy, innovation and knowledge, skills and cooperation.

This study was conducted to determine the association between Human Resource Management Practices and employees’ performance in selected banks within Kano metropolitan city. A survey research design was adopted and Random sampling technique was used to collect data for the research. A questionnaire with the total of 28 items was distributed among employees of banks for data collection. To investigate the relationship between the independents variables and dependents variables, Pearson correlation coefficients were used. The result indicated that HRM practices (compensation, Performance Appraisal and training) have positive impact on employees’ performance. 

The study was an attempt to evaluate the effect of child labour on economic development. A sample of 200 respondents, 50 from each of the selected markets was used. Data was collected through interview of selected respondents. The formulated hypothesis was tested with the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical tool. Findings revealed that the groups did not differ in their perception of the essence of education. It was also found that majority of the children involved in child labour live with their parents and relations, who do nothing meaningful to earn their living, but depend solely on the meagre income from the cheap labour supplied by their children. It was recommended among others that Direct Action Programmes which entail the immediate withdrawal of children from hawking, prostitution etc should be embarked on.