Biosciences

The antibacterial activity of methanolic crude extract of Diacure, a polyherbal formulation was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans as test strains at different concentrations (80, 90 and 100?l/disc). Better antibacterial activity was observed with the extracts of diacure, that showed excellent inhibitory activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans at concentration of 100 ?l/disc. Among different bacteria tested Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were found to be more sensitive to crude extract when compared to others. HPLC analysis of the crude extract of diacure, a polyherbal formulation of 11 medicinal plants showed four different Phenolic acids (Tannic acid, Gallic acid, Ferulic acid and Caffeic acid). The results of the study provide scientific basis for the use of the plant extract in the future development as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory agent.

The noninfectious disease, diabetes increases the risk of the infectious disease TB. In developing countries TB remains a major cause of mortality and in these countries the prevalence rate of diabetes in increasing rapidly. In this study, totally 1200 number of TB clinic attendees were included and blindly screened for the diabetes. Random blood sugar was checked for the selected population. Blood samples were tested by glucometer. Out of 1200 TB clinic attendees, diabetes was diagnosed with 750 patients (63%). From our study, we conclude that the TB clinic attendees are at high risk and showing high percentage of DM. We also suggest that the danger of the co-existence of TB and DM should be explored and to be taught to the society especially to the TB clinic attendees to ensure the effective treatment.

The new shielding using a mixed of Barium Sulfate (BaSO4) and cement accordingly to the ratio that desired which is from (1:99) to (20:80) respectively. The samples were in thickness of 1 mm, 5 mm and 10 mm with the ratio of BaSO4 are 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%.The samples are examined with XRD. The mixture ratio of barium sulfate that has 20% in the sample shows that the absorption of the energy is high. A high mass density material of sample as barium, which has high atomic number is suitable to absorb the energy of radiation. Increasing the material density leads to increase the attenuation. The results have shown a significant protection for hazardous of gamma ray.

Proteus mirabilis is a significant problem mostly to the vulnerable immune systems individual and cause of 90% Complex Urinary Tract Infections. The treatment is becoming more difficult because 48% P.mirabilis strain is resistant to broad-range antibiotics. Development of these drug resistant varieties have led to search for novel drug targets. We have performed an insilico comparative analysis of metabolic pathways of Homo sapiens with the pathogen P.mirabilis and found 97 unique, nonhomologus, essential proteins that are present only in P.mirabilis and absent in humans and presented as list of putative drug target.

Enzymatic potentials of thermo-tolerant bacteria from waste dumpsites were analyzed. 30 soil samples were collected using sterile spatular into sterile universal bottles, labelled and taken to the laboratory analyses. The soil samples were serially diluted and inoculated by spread plate method on different media and incubated at 30oC for 48 hrs. The pure isolates were stored in agar slants in the refrigerator for further use. Isolates with thermophilic ability were screened for amylase, protease and lipase activity. Effects of temperature and pH on enzyme activity of the thermophilic bacterial isolates were also assessed. Bacillus subtilis (70.0%), Bacillus licheniformis (43.3%), Bacillus cereus (56.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (56.7%), Streptomyces species (36.7%), Bacillus brevis (43.3%) and Norcadia species (30%) were isolated from the soil samples. All the bacterial isolates tolerated 55oC temperature while only Bacillus cereus, Bacillus brevis and Norcadia species were isolated at 60oC. All the isolates except Pseudomonas aeruginosa gave amylase activity while all the isolates gave protease activity. All the isolates except Bacillus licheniformis and Nocardia species showed lipase activity. Temperature and pH had varied effects on the enzyme activity of the isolates. These bacteria are good sources of enzymes at thermophilic temperatures and varied pH for commercial use.

We have been demonstrating that the Distribution of Amino acids in Genetic Disorders. we retrieved that the diseased Proteome sequence for Genetic Disorders such as Anglemann Syndrome, Canavan disease, Celiac disease, Charcot Marie tooth Disease, Colour Blindness, Cridu chat, Cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome, Hemophilia and Neurofibrometasis. The Content of Polar amino acids are higher when compared with other type of amino acids. From the normal sequence, the Amino acids are mutated to Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid. If the amino acids are mutated to hydrophobic, hydrophilic and non polar amino acids we can control the genetic diseases. According to our work, based on Lipinski’s rule we observed that Alverine, Ropinirole ,Cyrimine , Carbidopa and Phosphatidylserine are the best controlling agent for Anglemann Syndrome, Canavan disease, Celiac disease,Charcot Marie tooth Disease, Colour Blindness respectively. We also observed that Mematine,Tyloxapol, Heaprin, Tranexamic acid and Indomethacin are the best drugs for Cridu chat, Cystic fibrosis, Down syndrome, Hemophilia and Neurofibrometasis respectively. Finally we concluded that, if the amino acids are mutated to hydrophobic or non polar amino acids, we can prevent Genetic Disorders.

We have observed that the Immunoglobulin domain (IGv) is mainly present in all those sequences. These observations also suggests that the predicted values of IGv domain is predominantly present in all those sequences and slightly IGc1 domain and IG like domain is also present. On the basis of lower E-value IGv domain is highly conserved in the sequence, from position 17 to 98, and IGc1 domain from 147 to 220.Each sequence has consist of varied composition of CCP (Complementary control proteins), EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor), EGFCA, VWA (Von Wille Brand type A domain), IG, IGc2, TSP1, TROVE, Calireticulin family, RING domain, BBOX, PRY, SPRY with different E-value. Finally, We have concluded that on the basis of lower E-value vWFA(97-214), TROVE(18-369), IGc(183-273), SPRY(86-220), La(13-48), MHC Class I An alpha 1, 2 (1-178) these listed domains are highly conserved.

Fish farming can provide employment for women thus helping to alleviate poverty among women and improve the standard of living. Proceeds from fish sales can provide funds for women and contribute to the development of the society. Fish farmers are known to be confronted with difficulties when establishing commercial fish ponds. This research is intended to cover both Northern and Southern Nigeria. One hundred and thirty questionnaires were distributed randomly in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria to ascertain the constraints to fish farming among women in Nigeria. Ninety questionnaires were retrieved from females. Analysis of results indicated that female respondents were interested in fish farming but they lacked financial capacity to establish fish farms. Education was also identified as another constraint. About 56% of the respondents had basic education therefore were uniformed about fish culture in ponds. Fish farming was identified as a means of providing employment for the women folk and enhancing development among women.

Poly(2-oxazoline)s have widely been used in biomedical applications for the last years. They can mimick natural systems and they generally used as liposomes, drug and gene deliver and pseudopeptides. In this study investigating histological effects of different doses (10 mg/L, 50mg/L) of poly(2-ethyl-2oxazoline) (PEtOx) on liver tissue of zebrafish was aimed. Adult zebrafish individuals were exposed to different doses of PEtOxfor 5 days and after that they were dissected and liver tissues removed. Histological changes at liver tissue were investigated at light microscope after hematoksilen and eosin staining. In the experimental groups, contraction in vacuoles at hepatocyte cytoplasm, hypertrophy and increase in the number of hepatocyte cells and kuppfer cells were detected.

Mancozeb is a synthetic pesticide which has been used for decades. It is used to hinder the growth of fungi and plants against damage. Pesticides access aquatic ecosystems via ground waters and affect water quality and aquatic life. In our study, investigation the histopathological effects of mancozeb on intestine tissue of zebrafish were aimed. Degeneration and expansion at villi structure and increase in the number of goblet cells, mucus accumulation and expansion in muscular layer were detected at exposure groups. Depending on the increased number of leukocytes enteritis was monitored.