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The purpose of this paper is to present some instructional ideas for second language (L2) listening comprehension and their alignment with listening assessment. Among the suggestions are using spoken texts as instructional input, introducing the micro- and macro markers and providing students with authentic texts. In addition, the paper also highlights the importance of awareness-raising on the differences between spoken and written language among L2 learners. To expand the extant of the scope of possible instructional ideas for L2 listening, the discussion on pre-teaching of listening input and its connection to learners’ schemata is also included. To consolidate the discussion on instructional ideas, communicative reciprocal listening instruction is recommended for L2 listening instruction. Apart from instructional ideas, suggestions on how to develop a ‘considerate’ listening assessment that is in alignment with classroom instruction are also presented in this paper.

Management education is increasingly becoming important and plays a major role in the success of managers and organizations worldwide. The importance of the education sector, particularly a professional discipline like management studies, is increasing day by day in Indian country. The quantitative growth of institutions in private sector smacks of attempts to commercialize and these needs to be curbed. These institutions need to play a major role in producing the right quality and quantity of managers to meet the requirements of the market place. Nowadays the management institutions are facing a lot of problems for attaining quality in management education. In order to improve the quality Management education is being imparted in 17 National Institutes of Technology (former Regional Engineering Colleges, RECs) and to grade them to the level of IITs, these institutions have been fully- funded by the central government.

The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial quality of 10 different Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPs) sourced sampled from traditional medicine distributors and retail pharmacy outlets in Accra, Ghana. A total of 10 herbal medicinal products that were made for in vitro administration were randomly sampled in triplicates for analysis. Microbial Count was performed on the products. Isolation and identification various microbes from herbal medicinal samples were done also done. The results show that all of the products had their manufacturing and expiry dates stated, 5 (50%) products have been registered by FDB. The microbial load of the products varied considerably. The lowest microbial count was 2.2 x103 cfu/ml and the highest count was 6.2 x103 cfu/ml. Two (20%) of the products showed no bacteria growth. The predominant organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureaus and Bacillus spp. Only one sample had fungi isolate from it. However, E. coli, Klebsiella spp and Salmonella spp was not isolated in any of the 10 samples. There is need for constant monitoring and control of the standards of herbal medicines products in the Ghanaian market.

Mountainous areas are one of the tourists' favorite destinations throughout the world. The lack of appropriate planning of responsible organizations and tourists unawareness about mountainous villages touristic potentials and reluctance of private sector to invest on providing proper facilities and equipment for tourists in mountainous areas have been caused tourism no development in these regions. The current research has been implemented in one of the mountainous regions of Guilan province in order to answer these questions that what are the advantages and limitations of tourism development in mountainous regions of Amlash county and what strategies exist for mountainous tourism development? Whereas recognition of strengths, pitfalls, opportunities, and threats, and planning to resolve limitations and increase benefits and create economic and social changes in this region are the obvious goals of this research, this paper used survey method (descriptive-analytical), field studies and questionnaires completion by three samples of statistical community (tourists, rural families (people), local managers) and determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the form of economic, social, cultural, ecological, and institutional in SWOT method to codify quadruplet strategies to develop mountainous tourism in AMLASHCounty. Studies have been shown that regarding to existence of strengths and opportunity in this region, threats and weaknesses levels are also very high and this region is vulnerable against tourism development and redistribution and reallocation of resources and appropriate and logical planning in regional level is an essential issue.

Mucoid cysts tibiofibular joint top (TFS) is a rare cause of nerve compression at the knee. We report the observation of a soldier of 46 years, who presented with painful swelling sitting at the top of the anterolateral aspect of the left leg third with peroneal neuralgia, lasting for four months. Clinical examination revealed an oval mass, deep, sensitive, poorly demarcated sitting on top of the anterolateral compartment of the right leg third. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee revealed an intramuscular myxoid cyst Depond joint superior tibiofibular. Electromyogram (EMG) was in favor of an invasion of the superficial peroneal nerve. A biopsy excision of the lesion was performed. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a mucoid cyst. The evolution is marked by the complete disappearance of pain, recovery of normal sensitivity and lack of recurrence after a year of decline.

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been one of the key contenders in various broadcasting standards, due to its immunity towards multipath fading and ease of implementation. But the issue security has not been addressed much, which calls for a separate modules performing encryption. Here a scheme of Encryption jointly with OFDM has been proposed based on rearranging the OFDM subcarriers to make the data non intelligible, which provides transit data security. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme provides both security and immunity against fading, together. Also, compared to the conventional OFDM system, this scheme provides encryption with no BER performance degradation and no additional bandwidth.

Acute poisoning by Organophosphorus compounds is one of the important cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, especially in developing countries. Accidental and intentional pesticides poisoning occurs worldwide with a significant mortality. Recent studies have shown an increase in numbers with three hundred thousand deaths occurring in Asia alone. The most common pesticide in India are due to anti-cholinesterase’s which includes organophosphates and carbamate, followed by aluminum phosphide.The effective number of cases of pesticide poisoning occurring in India is very high, and the calculated number of intentional cases as reported by NCRB (National Crime Records Bureau) is again very high. A retrospective analysis covering last 15 years showed the most common agents causing acute poisoning was anti-cholinesterase’s followed by aluminum phosphide.The with a mean age of 27.8 years(range 13 to 82 years) Organophosphates share structural similarity with acetylcholine and bind covalently with cholinesterase molecule. This results in accumulation of acetylcholine at synapses causing over stimulation at post-synaptic receptors in central and peripheral nervous system. The clinical features of acute OPC poisoning are secondary to stimulation of muscarinic and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the parasympathetic system, sympathetic ganglia; neuromuscular junctions.Disrruption of transmission will also occur at the acetylcholine receptor sites within the central nervous system. The muscarinic receptors,M1 and M2 have different regional distribution in brain. The M1 receptors are the main type found in the human cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and globus pallidus,while the M2 type dominates in the thalamus, brain stem,pons,and the cerebellum. Different subtypes of nicotinic receptors have been described in human brain using ligands with different affinities. Diagnosis of OPC poisoning is based on history of exposure to known OP compounds, characteristic clinical features. Estimation of acetyl cholinesterase activity is useful for confirmation of poisoning. But the degree of decrease in cholinesterase levels does not show linear relationship with severity of clinical features and prognosis. Detection of the offending agent in gastric lavage sample is one of the methods to determine the involved agent. OPC poisoning has several toxicological effects on the body, namely on respiratory system, cardiovascular system, neurological system & endocrinal system.

The influence of polypropylene fibers has been studied to improve the mechanical properties of lightweight concrete with Waste of Thermostone blocks used to produce lightweight coarse aggregate. The volume fractions of the polypropylene fibers (P.P.F.) used are: 0.0% for reference light weight concrete, and 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 0.1%, and 1.25% total volume of concrete for other mixes. The density, compressive strength and splitting tensile strength, Flexural strength, and water absorption were measured. The results shows, generally, the mechanical properties of lightweight concrete increased with rising the percentages of polypropylene fibers. With P.P. fibers proportioning 1.0% at 28 days caused 13.93% increase in compressive strength and 43.65% increase in the splitting tensile strength and 41.69%increase in the flexural strength, therefore, it is used as the optimum proportion of the polypropylene fibers. The flowability of lightweight concrete reduced by addition polypropylene fibers, therefore Super plasticizer was used to improve the workability of fresh light weight concrete. The equilibrium densities of structural lightweight concrete method was used to determine the density of Lightweight P.P.F. and was 1789Kg/m3. Also, the results showed that there are increases in the water absorption for mixes with P.P.F.as compared with reference mix..

Multicast routing optimization problem is addressed by considering parameters like cost, battery power, delay and bandwidth. The objectives proposed in this work are minimizing the cost and maximizing the battery power subject to the constraints delay and bandwidth. To find the optimal route with the above objectives, binary coded genetic algorithm (GA) technique has been chosen. In this work, an avoidance strategy is included to avoid the illegal chromosome creation during genetic operation. The simulations are done with the test system which consists of standard graphs with different size. Performances of the given networks are compared with existing approach in terms of fitness values, probabilities of genetic operators, network life and generation of convergence.

Research in common parlance refers to a search of knowledge. It is also defined as a scientific and systematic exploration for pertinent information on a specific topic. It is a movement from the known to the unknown and a voyage of discovery. It comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organizing and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis. Research is thus, an original contribution to the existing stock of knowledge making for its advancement. It is the pursuit of truth with the help of study, observation, comparison and experiment. The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the application of scientific procedures. The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered.