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Patients with (ARSA) are often asymptomatic and discovered accidentally during MRI scans and X-rays ordered by physicians. It is reported that (ARSA) has an incidence of 0.5 % to 2%. The aberrant artery in this anomaly follows a retro esophageal path and it rarely takes a pathway anterior to the the trachea or esophagus. Instead of this artery being the first branch with the right common carotid on brachiocephalic artery, it arises on its own as the fourth branch, after the left subclavian artery. It can be associated with chromosomal defects like trisomy 21 and 18.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of bleaching red palm oil with fuller’s earth, kaolin, charcoal and activated carbon on some of the physico-chemical characteristics. Each of the adsorbent materials was separately employed in the bleaching of the crude palm oil sample. In the removal of colour, fuller’s earth showed highest ability (67.23%) in the removal of carotenes (R-Band). Charcoal (56.50%) compared favourably to fuller’s earth in the removal of carotenes. However, the adsorbent materials- fuller’s earth (3.96%), kaolin (4.32%) and charcoal (5.04%) showed very poor, but comparable abilities in the removal of xanthophylls (Y-Band) from the palm oil sample. Bleaching of the red palm oil sample with the adsorbents resulted in total colour reduction of 58.20% with fuller’s earth, 40.14% with kaolin; 49.50% with charcoal and 38.87% with activated carbon. The lovibond tintometer scale was used in the colour measurements. Generally, bleaching with the adsorbents resulted to reductions in the colour mixture content, free fatty acid (FFA) content, peroxide value (POV) and the unsaponifiable matter content but increased the melting point (M.Pt.OC) and the cloud point of the bleached oil samples. The treatment with the adsorbents showed no pronounced effect on the saponification numbers, iodine values, specific gravities and the refractive indices of the bleached oil samples.

The nutrient compositions of some of the most common cereal grains consumed in Eastern Nigeria were determined. The cereal grains used were white corn, yellow corn, popcorn and sorghum. The cereal grains had very reasonable values of carbohydrate. The carbohydrate values ranged from 66.30% in sorghum to 76.19% in popcorn. The protein values were low, ranging from 7.82% in popcorn to 14.99% in sorghum. They had very low values of crude fat, ranging from 3.03% in Sorghum to 5.01% in yellow corn. Sorghum had a better source of potassium (350.27±0.23mg/100g) and calcium (22.71±2.30mg/100g). Phosphorus was comparatively higher in white corn (279.45±1.24 mg/100g), yellow corn (288.85±0.26 mg/100g) and popcorn (289.78±0.83 mg/100g) than in sorghum. White corn, yellow corn and popcorn had very low values of copper and manganese while these minerals were not detected in sorghum. Popcorn (131.2±1.39 mg/100g) and yellow corn (126.4±1.39 mg/100g) had high values of magnesium while sorghum had the least value (4.00±1.39 mg/100g).The cereal grains had Na/K ratios less than one implying that their consumption would probably reduce blood pressure disease. The cereal grains had very low values of Vitamin C. Vitamin E was found in trace amounts in white corn, yellow corn and popcorn but vitamins A and E were not detected in Sorghum. Thiamin and riboflavin were present in the cereal grain samples in small amounts. However, yellow corn had the highest value of niacin (3.45±0.01 mg/100g). The anti-nutritional principles in the various cereal grains were very low. The very low values of these principles imply that their consumption will have no adverse health implications. Generally, blending of the various cereal grains in food processing will be of great benefit to human nutrition and health.

In last two decades continues increase of comput-ational power and recent advance in the web technology cause to provide large amounts of data. That needs large scale data processing mechanism to handle this volume of data. MapReduce is a programming model for large scale distributed data processing in an efficient and transparent way. Due to its excellent fault tolerance features, scalability and the ease of use. Currently, there are several options for using MapReduce in cloud environments, such as using MapReduce as a service, setting up one’s own MapReduce cluster on cloud instances, or using specialized cloud MapReduce runtimes that take advantage of cloud infrastructure services. Cloud computing has recently emerged as a new paradigm that provide computing infrastructure and large scale data processing mechanism in the network. The cloud is on demand, scalable and high availability so implement of MapReduce on the top of cloud services cause faster, scalable and high available MapReduce framework for large scale data processing. In this paper we explain how to implement MapReduce in the cloud and also have a comparison between implementations of MapReduce on AzureCloud, Amazon Cloud and Hadoop at the end.

The understanding of optimized molecular geometry, vibrational analysis of the heterocyclic organic compounds plays a vital role in the process of drug discovery. The present work provides geometrical parameters, vibrational assignments for pharmaceutical intermediate N-(Methyl)phthalimide (NMP). Moreover, the present study aims to illustrate how intramolecular interactions appear within the molecule on account of HOMO-LUMO studies. In addition to these, Mullikan’s Atomic charges associated with each atom of the stable conformer are also reported. Entire vibrational, geometrical parameters, Mullikan’s Atomic charges and HOMO-LUMO Energy gap of NMP were predicted with the aid of B3LYP level of theory with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set on a quantum chemical software Gaussian 03W. In view of visual inspection, 51 normal modes of vibrations contributed to NMP were found out. HOMO-LUMO studies provided information about occupied and unoccupied molecular orbitals and intramolecular interactions of NMP. Mullikan’s Atomic charge on each atom of NMP shows Charge-stability relations.

A person’s learning of a new language starts with learning alphabets of the language. The validation of a learning process is its recognition under any circumstances. The application developed in this paper, is aimed at making the “recognition process of alphabets” after different distortions on the original structure and frame of the alphabet. The system creates the distorted alphabet with graphical transformations and recognition is done by a back propagation neural network. The graphical transformations include scaling, rotation and translation functions written in Open GL. The distorted character is recognized by the neural network coded in C#. The system can be deployed for any distorted image recognition application. The system has shown satisfactory performance for distorted character recognition.

A compact microstrip patch antenna became a very useful in communication systems. Properties like compactness, light weight, high bandwidth make it a good candidate of communication system. This paper reviews the performance analysis of Compact Dual-Band Microstrip Antenna for IEEE 802.11a WLAN Application [1], comparative analysis of sshaped Multiband microstrip patch Antenna [2], Dual-Band Antenna with Compact Radiator for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN Applications [3], A Slot-Monopole Antenna for Dual-Band WLAN Applications [4] and Compact Broadband Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Antenna [5]. The paper also discusses the technology used in order to bring the required changes in terms of improved performance characteristics.

ABSTRACT The study investigated challenges of communication practices in the seven Colleges of Education in the Ashanti Region. The population comprised College administrators and tutors and the sample included 21 administrators 178 tutors. The instrument was pre-tested and a reliability coefficient of 0.89 was realized and it was deemed to be good for the final data administration. Consequently, data collected were analysed descriptively using frequencies and percentages. The results of the study showed that the College had communication practices that use three traditional channels of communication, namely: downward, upward and horizontal. Also, media of communication like face to face, telephone, text messages, staff meetings as well as notice boards were used to convey the needed information on regular basis.

The performance of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is greatly affected by the operating parameters. Appropriate operating parameters are necessary for PEM fuel cells to maintain stable performance. The results indicate that the cell performance can be enhanced by increasing operating temperature. The anode humidi?cation has more signi?cant in?uences on the cell performance than the cathode humidi?cation, and the best performance occurs at moderate air relative humidity while the hydrogen is fully humidi?ed. In addition, the fuel and oxidant flow rate proves to be influencing the cell performance. Based on these conclusions, several suggestions for engineering practice are also provided.

Writer identification is the process of identifying the writer of the document based on their handwriting. The growth of computational engineering, artificial intelligence and pattern recognition fields owes greatly to one of the highly challenged problem of handwriting identification. This paper proposes the computational intelligence technique to develop discriminative model for writer identification based on handwritten documents. Scanned images of handwritten documents are segmented into words and these words are further segmented into characters for word level and character level writer identification. A set of features are extracted from the segmented words and characters. Feature vectors are trained using support vector machine and obtained 94.27% accuracy for word level, 90.10% for character level. An interactive tool has been developed based on the word level writer identification model.