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In this paper we have reported the Stokes Parameters of excited Magnesium atom using non-relativistic (DW) and relativistic distorted wave approximation theories (RDW) at incident electron energies 15 and 45 eV. Good agreement has been found on comparison of both DW and RDW methods with each other and the importance of relativistic effect is also explored.

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a subclass of Mobile ad hoc networks which provides a distinguished approach for Intelligent Transport System (ITS). The survey of routing protocols in VANET is important and necessary for smart ITS. This paper discusses the advantages / disadvantages and the applications of various routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks. It explores the motivation behind the designed, and traces the evolution of these routing protocols. This paper discusses the main 5 types of protocols for VANET Topology Based, Positioned Based, Geo Cast, Broad Cast, Cluster Based Protocols.

The crystal structure of the new complex [Cu(C5H7N3O)4]Cl2.5H2O has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and the compound was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with lattice parameters a = 15.304(4), b = 13.528(3), c = 15.071(4) Å, ? = 90.120 (5)°, V = 3120.0 (13) Å3, and Z = 4. The solid state structure exhibits pronounced pseudosymmetry emulating an orthorhombic Pccn setting which is broken only by ordering of solvate water and chlorine anions in channels stretching along the c-axis of the unit cell. Structural and IR data indicate that the title compound is present as the keto tautomer 2-amino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-(1H)-one rather than in the enol form 2-amino-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol. The Cu(II) atoms are four-coordinated in a square planar fashion by nitrogen atoms of four 2-amino-6-methylpyrimidin-4-(1H)-one ligands. The crystal structure is stabilized by O–H•••O, N–H•••O, N–H•••Cl and O–H•••Cl hydrogen bonds with pillars of the cationic complexes alternating with channels occupied by the chlorine anions and water molecules.

Two step austempering of ductile produces unique microstructure with excellent properties like high strength, toughness, good wear resistance, machinability at low cost. ADI primarily used in high stress machine parts, gears, crankshafts. Attempt is made to study the effect of austempering time and temperature on tensile behavior of ADI. ADI yielded from two step austempering process higher ultimate yield strength with almost no change in ductility. Mode of fracture changes from brittle to ductile with increased austempering time.

The molten salt electrolytes from which the polyvalent active metals are extracted are strongly structured at unusually long distances that increase the energy consumption of the electrowinning cell. Under influence of strong electrical pulses they are transferred to a non-equilibrium state with modification of the structure and intensification of electrochemical properties. The observed regularities in the electrolytes activation are due to stimulated dissociation of complex ions on the simpler and more mobile complex and elementary ions. This is confirmed by the disappearance of characteristic Raman peaks when the melts are activated. During the relaxation process in the non-equilibrium melts their electrochemical parameters and Raman peaks are seeking to recover their equilibrium values and pattern. All the observed regularities of the duration and the dynamics of the relaxation in non-equilibrium melts show that we definitely have deal with the structural relaxation in ionic.

The effects of dewaxing on the physico-chemical properties of some brands of vegetable oil have been investigated. Five (5) brands of crude vegetable oil including soybean oil (SO), beniseed oil (BO),cottonseed oil (CSO) and palm kernel oil (PKO) were used for these investigations. The physico-chemical properties and the wax contents were determined before and after the dewaxing operation. The wax contents (ppm), saponification numbers, % free fatty acid contents, slip melting points (0C) of the oil samples were reduced while the iodine values of the oil samples increased after the dewaxing operation. The dewaxed oil samples showed good abilities to withstand refrigerator temperature.

Arabic literature has been always influenced by the different cultures in the history, and the introduction of Islamic and Quran have also influenced on the Arabic poems deeply, the poems have progressed in the light of Quran, and they turned into the most brilliant literature among the nations of world. Abdolah Ibn Ravah has been has been well-known in Islam career, he and his poems have been influenced by Quran, his poems are usually about the words, concepts, and the structure of Quran, and this study tries to reflect the concepts, and the structure of Quran, and this study tries to reflect the concepts, the sublime illustrations of Quran verses.

Faith in Arabic means 'aqada,ya’qidu, ‘aqdun or ‘uqdah. Generally faith implies strong ties or knots. This knot is tying and usually in the form of bonds associated with maknawi or hissi, where this maknawi bond is stronger than hissi because it can expand by humans. Among the words that are often associated with ‘Aqada’ (maknawi), in sale and purchase (aqada al-Bay’), which means the bond purchase. Apart from that, it also associates with such an agreement (‘aqada al-‘Ahd), which bonds the agreement. The Quran frequently uses the word with the purpose of bonding.

Scholars believe that the detection of DMs is a tricky task, which necessitates their disambiguation or the identification of their pragmatic occurrence. Among DMs, like is said to be one of the most difficult to detect owing to the fact that the word like functions as a DM, adjective, adverb, verb, noun, preposition, and conjunction, which all in all necessitates a high level of skill and proficiency for its identification and detection. Accordingly, this study aimed at investigating if learners’ proficiency can be indicative of their ability in detecting the word like when functioning as a DM. Therefore, two intact classes, 20 sophomores and 27 seniors representing novice and skilled learners respectively, of Iranian EFL majors studying at the University of Kashan participated in this study. From Collins COBUILD, 14 sentences including the word LIKE with its seven functions (2 sentences for each function) were chosen and the participants were asked to translate them into their mother tongue (Persian) and indicate the function of the word like within parentheses in front of each sentence. Using two-way ANOVA, the researcher investigated mean differences among function scores. The results indicated that the participants found detecting the word like when functioning as a DM the most difficult and that the level of proficiency can be indicative of the participants’ success in identifying the DM like

In this paper, we consider a wide range of widely-studied models strategic form behavioral game theory. It is standard multi agent settings to assume that agents will adopt Nash equilibrium strategies. This paper gives a brief overview of game theory. Therefore in the first section we want to outline what game theory generally is and where it is applied. In the next section, we introduce some of the most important terms of Non-cooperative game theory such as strategic form (or) normal form games, extensive form and Nash equilibrium.