Environment and Forestry

This paper reported the socio economic importance and marketing of P. osun in Ibadan South West Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria. Data were collected through the use of structured Questionnaire administered to 150 respondents. Descriptive statistics, Cost and return, and the cost-benefit ratio were determined while Gini coefficient was used to analyze the market structure. The result showed that 73.8% of the respondents were female while 46-55years were 34.7%. P. osun’s leaves were used in the treatment of skin diseases while its roots and bark were used in the treatment of asthma, traditional soaps/antibacterial, its timber is also used in furniture making and building construction. The study further revealed that Bode market has the highest Net profit (?96,319:98) while Beere market has the lowest Net profit (?33,303:18) and the sawmills amassed an average Net profit of (?5,389,625.00) per annum. The Gini coefficient (G=0.81) (G=0.71) for the P. osun herb sellers and P. osun timber sellers respectively indicates the market is highly monopolized and has minimal competition while the regression analysis revealed that age of the sellers and their religion are factors that influence the profit of P. osun sellers in the study area It can be concluded that P. osun trade is highly lucrative whereby an increase in capital will bring an increase in the quantity of P. osun and a sharp increase in profit made from this enterprise. There is the need to properly create awareness campaigns and educate the people about the economic values of P. osun which also require adequate management and conservation for sustainable utilization. 

The study was undertaken to find out the influence of different manure treatment methods on carbon sequestration potential of fodder maize. Significantly higher carbon sequestration potential was observed in improved, followed by enriched and vermicompost manure treatments than farmer’s and inorganic fertilizer treatment groups at 60th day. It was concluded that application of improved, enriched and vermicompost manure sequestered higher carbon from the atmosphere than other treatments, implying the benefit for reducing the impact of carbon, a potential green house gas.

Olea capensis is one of the canopy dominants in the Kakamega forest that shows no regeneration inside the forest. Like canopy dominants in other tropical forests, adults are widely spaced and, seedlings and saplings where present are usually hundreds of metres away from the parent plants. This study examined strategies of regeneration of this important species to determine its recruitment patterns. Most seedlings/saplings occurred considerable distances from the parent trees. Experimental manipulations of seeds revealed that forest rodents and fungi accounted for over 90 per cent of seed mortality around the parent trees. Observation on dispersers revealed that ecotone birds were responsible for seed dispersal into new areas that provided a safe haven for the seeds to germinate and establish. Further examination of seed predation in these areas showed insignificant levels of predation. There was also a relationship between location of seed deposit and presence of termite mound growing trees, suggesting a coincidental interplay between feeding behaviour of the dispersers and dispersal of Olea capensis seeds. Findings of this study point to importance of understanding the biology tree species of concern for successful regeneration efforts. In particular, knowledge of seed dispersers and predators is crucial.

The study was under taken to find out the effect of different organic manure on the yield and carbon sequestration potential of fodder maize. Result revealed that green fodder yield were significantly (P<0.01) higher in improved, enriched and vermicompost method. Similarly carbon sequestration potential was significantly higher in improved (4.19 t/ha) followed by enriched (4.16 t/ha) and vermicompost (4.09 t/ha) methods. It was concluded that the application of vermicompost, improved and enriched manure increased fodder yield and sequestered higher carbon from the atmosphere than other treatments.

Jatropha curcas seeds have been in use for the production of biodiesel as an ecofriendly fuel. But during biodiesel production from 100 kgs of Jatropha seeds only 30 kgs of oil is produced, while 70 kgs of de-oiled cake is generated as a byproduct. This oil meal contains toxic substances like curcin, toxalbumin and phorebolic acid which makes it unsuitable as an animal feed. It can be either used for biogas production or vermicomposting as can be seen from volatile solids of total solids content of 87.93%. So feasibility of this oil meal as a substrate for vermicomposting using earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae has been studied in detail. Original C/N ratio of the jatropha oil meal was around 42.94 while the raw waste mixture was around 38.57% after mixing with cattle dung and soil, which reduced to 12.6 after vermicomposting, which is an indicator of efficient worm activity. Volatile Solids reduction of 66.19% was observed which indicates efficient worm activity. Results showed good quality vermicompost production with efficient water holding capacity of 72.4100% and porosity of 78.2191%. Bulk density depicted 1.1052 g/cm3 indicating good quality suitable for efficient root penetration. Scanning Electron Microscopy and microbiological analysis confirmed the maturity of the vermicompost.

Customer satisfaction refers to the state of mind or the perception that customers have about an organization and its products or services at the time their perceptions have been met or surpassed. Customer service is an integral part of any organization. Over the past few years, customer satisfaction and technology have become conjoined. Customers today are demanding more and more techno-savvy service that will provide quick and efficient service that will keep pace with the ever changing technological world. The water reticulation system in Mombasa is old and dilapidated and is prone to leaks and bursts. Coupled with this fact is the challenge of illegal connections done by unscrupulous persons who connect to the system unprofessionally leading to leaks. Leaks and bursts may go for days an end without being reported leading to excessive loss of water. However, residents are lax in reporting leaks in their areas and have tended to ignore the issue either out of ignorance or lethargy to report the issue. There appears to be lack of effective communication between the utility and the customers which needs to be addressed. Water services by the Mombasa Water Supply and Sanitation Company (MOWASSCO) thus continue to be unsatisfactory given the key challenge of financial sustainability. Poor services invariably affects the degree of customer satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to establish the role of electronic water monitoring systems in increasing customer satisfaction with services provided by the Mombasa Water Supply and Sanitation Company, despite the several challenges in water service provision as outlined. This research used descriptive survey where the target population totaling 600 was drawn from the five water meter reading zones in Mombasa County namely Island North, Island South, Likoni, Nyali and West Mainland. The study used primary data which was gathered using structured questionnaires. Chapter one dealt with a background of the study including a background of the water supply system and its challenges. A synopsis of customer satisfaction in public institution was given together with a brief of the water supply in Mombasa. A statement of the problem described in depth the current challenges encountered by MOWASSCO in its service delivery. The chapter also gave an insight into the use of technology in enhancing customer satisfaction. Chapter two analyzed the literature review with emphasis on adoption of technology in the service industry and also outlined the conceptual framework. Chapter three outlined the research methodology, while Chapter four analyzed the data and derived conclusions. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression, presented in tables and pie charts extracted from both MS Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software tools version 20.Lastly, Chapter five gave a summary of the study, conclusions, recommendations and further research.

In Malaysia, global tourism has also proven to be capable of creating job opportunities, especially low-level, service-related jobs such as hotel worker, taxi driver, for the local people. The development of the tourism, can additional income for many household and able to increase the standard of living to the local people such as participation in homestay program. This article writes about tourism, community based tourism and homestay in Malaysia.

The feasibility of using spent water from parkia seed (iru) processing were tested on wood samples of Ceiba pentandra as preservative against fungi. Spent water (leachate) from locally produced iru processing was used to treat Ceiba wood. Wood samples were at the sawmill unit of Forest Products Development and Utilization Department of Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN). Wood samples converted into 15 mm x 15 mm x 25 mm and were inoculated with Sclerotium rolfsii and Pleurotus florida for 12 weeks. Samples soaked for 48 hours had the lowest weight loss (7.143%) for samples inoculated with P. florida thus signifying that the leachate at 48 hours of soaking provided preservative property against P. florida while the 24 hours of soaking was the least effective. But samples inoculated with S. rolfsii show that the leachate was not effective in the control of S. rolfsii.

The growing population puts municipalities under pressure in managing waste The challenging task is to protect the environment and natural resources through waste management programs. If the sources are dumped in the landfill without sending it for treatment, the life span of dumping yard will not sustain. Hence a careful planning is required in carrying out these activities to accomplish this in a optimal way.

This study was performed to evaluation of biosorption technology application for remove heavy metal (Cadmium) in wastewater. At this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was applied for biosorption of Cadmium element from industrial wastewater. Effect of Two factors were studied on value of absorption included biomass concentration (2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 g/l) and contact time (15, 30, 60 and 120 min). pH value and temperature were fixed at 6 and 25?C in experiment period, respectively. it was determined that Cadmium absorption rate decreased with increasing concentration of biomass adsorbent. Also, Absorption was increased with increasing of time and using of 30, 60 and 120 minutes increased absorption 1.28, 1.85 and 2.61 fold in compare to 15 minute.