Social Studies

Objective: To understand the personal background factors of study subjects, their current status of family relationship and health promoting lifestyle. To explore the relationship of personal background factors, family relationship of study subjects with their health promoting lifestyle. Design: The population included 176 samples of the older people above 65 in Ren-Ai district, Keelung City, Taiwan. A self-designed structured questionnaire was used as our research tool. Our data were collected through both questionnaire and one-on-one interview, and then processed and analyzed by package software - IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0. Results: The personal background factors that influenced the seniors’ family relationship are age, gender, education degree, marriage, living status. The personal background factors that influenced the seniors’ health promoting lifestyle are gender, living status. Family relationship has a significantly positive correlation with health promoting lifestyle.. Conclusions: A health promoting lifestyle will help prevent diseases and promote health, and can improve the quality of life. From the results of this study, it can be seen that the relationship between the elderly and their families will affect the health promoting lifestyle. The older the elderly, the more they need to care about their family relationships. We need to pay more attention to the family relationships of illiterate elderly people, divorced or widowed elderly people and elderly people living alone. We need to encourage more male elderly people, elderly people living with spouse and elderly people living alone to implement health-promoting lifestyles.

A survey was conducted with students enrolled in the higher institutes and universities operating in the province of Tshuapa, in DRCongo, to collect their judgments and their expectations compared to the actors and practices around the elections of the governorsand vice-governors of provinces that were held from 2016 to 2019. In the same way, the respondents were questioned about the results and the electoral system in application for elections. Finally, the results of the investigation inform that these three elections were, mostly, inadequate with the expectations of the respondents. Indeed, the latter, in their majority, say they wanted to see other characters as governors and vice-governors that those who had won thanks to the voices of the provincial MPs (members of the provincial parliament). Similarly, investigations denounce and condemn several practices and behaviors found in these elections from actors acting both from the national level and those of the provincial one, while rejecting the large part of responsibilities on the provincial MPs who compose the electoral college of these ballots.

An increasing number of physicians departing from the healthcare profession due to disengagement could cause a significant healthcare crisis. Middle and senior-level healthcare managers often lack physician engagement strategies to help avoid physician burnout. Grounded in the transformational leadership theory, the purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore the engagement strategies healthcare middle and senior-level managers have used to help avoid physician burnout. Participants comprised seven middle and senior-level healthcare managers, with a minimum of five years of employee management experience who effectively used physician engagement strategies to help avoid physician burnout at a Central Pacific United States healthcare organization. Data were collected using semistructured interviews via telephone, reflective journal, and publicly available media and organizational documents. Thematic analysis was undertaken to analyze the data. The major emergent theme of the importance of developing meaningful relationships is discussed in this paper. A key recommendation for middle and senior-level healthcare managers is to display diligence and empathy to understand the goals of each physician. The research knowledge and findings may hold positive implications for positive social change as physicians play a crucial role in healthcare, and in contributing to addressing socioeconomic disparities for patients within the community, from their focus on treatment and on improving the health of patients.

This study illustrates the importance of Critical Discourse Analysis in revealing the latent ideologies and power struggle. It contains a theoretical description of Critical Discourse Analysis, a framework for the analysis of Human Rights Watch discourse on the Palestinian-Israeli issue that is published in its Annual Report 2013; a discussion of discursive practices; and a consideration of the selected framework in the analysis of the generic mixture. In fact, the application of Halliday & Matthiessen’s 2014 Systemic Functional Linguistics approach shows the representation of the case from a material and relational perspectives. Three major types of participants predominate; namely, actors, carriers, and goals. The application of Fairclough’s 1992 Interdiscursivity approach uncovers hybridity, materialization and selectivity procedures in the description of human rights in the Palestinian and Israeli case.

Packaging and labeling practices are among challenges facing consumer of pharmaceutical products today. Some manufacturers, however, do not indicate all the required information on the products. This study used survey method to characterize the pharmaceutical products in the market, and it was conducted using a systematic procedure known as a checklist. Parameters like dates of manufactures, expiring dates, and general instructions were spread using excel from the checklist. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). Conclusively, 22% of the pharmaceutical products showed only expiring dates, 14% of the pharmaceutical products showed manufacturing dates only and 64% of the products showed both skills, production and expiring dates. It was recommended that customers should clearly check for important information and proper packaging before buying the pharmaceutical products, also authorities should not only control products in the market but also in industries, checking for the Good Manufacture Practice.

In the recreation and reusing of old clothing in different ways we are using our imagination, so it is essentially a celebration of expressing ourselves. It can be a challenge to make old clothing look good. Old pieces of clothing and who might want a chance to bring them back to life. Garments become fashion waste when they no longer fit, cease to appeal visually and ideologically, or are superseded by a superior version. This research aim sees available garment materials as a kind of fabric semi-finished product. It combines with the characters of clothing style and utilizes new design thought and craft to further change available fabric appearance style. Recreating fifteen garments designs waste to give them second life by repurposed, re-construction, re-cut and adding decorative elements (embroidery, stitching, threads, crochet techniques, and discharge printing) to change original appearance for a new fashion trend.

Community development empower individuals in societies to cooperate, interrelate and take decision to participate in fixing their community challenges. Contemporarily, people mostly perceived development of a community on beautiful building, security on street, with basic infrastructure of good road network and electricity etc but ignored process of building strong relationship among people. Islam had established and described a practical social capital (bonding and bridging) within community which is not always conceded today as a sustainable tool in fostering community participation and development. This paper explore some examples from the Islamic traditions to discuss the ethical framework of Islamic social capital as a motivating mechanism in achieving sustainable community participation and development.

The purpose of this study was to establish the contribution of tourism to the host community’s human capital assets. This study employed qualitative approach by the use of exploratory research design. The target population for this study included the host community, tourism investors, camp managers, Narok County tourism officers and area chief of Mara Naboisho Conservancy. Both purposive and snowball sampling methods were used to select the respondents and information. The study utilized both primary and secondary sources of information. Primary sources included interviews, observations and Focus group discussions. The findings from the study revealed that Tourism in Mara Naboisho has contributed a lot towards job opportunities, entrepreneurial skills and income generation to the host community. It was also found out that tourism contribute significantly to human capital assets to the community in terms of employment creation as well as market for the products and services. This study also recommended that the local community should be empowered to collaborate with the Mara Naboisho Conservancy authorities to set up a location whereby the tourist on their way to the park can make a stopover and have a look at the display of their souvenir and purchase them. The Mara Naboisho Conservancy authorities should support the local community through funding in order to improve the community-based projects and also improve the local sport activities. The study findings are anticipated to provide an insight that will be used by the stakeholders to improve the livelihoods of the community who are directly involved with tourism in Narok County.

The basic purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of terrorism on Karachi stock exchange in Pakistan. Terrorism attacks throughout the world have disrupted the flow of nation and stock prices. Karachi stock exchange used as dependent variable and terrorism, foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, inflation, money supply and industrial production as independent variables. The secondary data used form the sources of Karachi stock exchange, world development indicators and Asia terrorism portal. The time period of data collection (2003-2014) .The data was analyzed by using correlation, descriptive statistics and regression techniques run on E-views. The research findings show that terrorism has negative impact on Karachi stock exchange of Pakistan. When terrorism occurred than foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, and inflation has insignificant and negative relationship with Karachi stock exchange (KSE). This study examines only banks impact/effect of terrorism on Karachi stock exchange in Pakistan by taking twelve years data. The further research can be conduct by taking different segment, more year data and other countries. This study envisions the on the whole impact of terrorist actions, not just a single activity, on the health but also effect all over the factors of the economy. For studying this impact, a Terrorism scale has been developed for this study, based on the impact of every terrorist activity in the country.

The exponential increase in social media usage by consumers necessitates its use in marketing and is considered an imperative for businesses to increase consumer engagement as an additional communication channel to market. The barrier to this engagement may be when social media marketing (SMM) strategies are wanting in the adeptness to engage consumers, which can constrain small business managers (SBMs) successes in competing and increasing sales. SBMs and business owners who fail to reach, and engage consumers, may limit opportunities to increase sales, and lower competitiveness in their sphere of operations, and are at a higher risk of failure. Underpinned by the theory of diffusion of innovation (DOI), the purpose of this qualitative exploratory multiple case study was to explore the strategies that SBMs use to develop and effectively implement SMM strategies, in the quest for greater existing and prospective customer engagement. The sample drawn from the study population of business owners included six business managers of six serving successful small businesses in Maryland who used social media marketing strategies successfully for five years, in the efforts are marketing to the customer. Semi-structured interviews serve to collect qualitative data, supplemented with a perusal of financial and other documents of industry and company respectively. A thematic analysis of the data in tandem with the lens of the DOI was instrumental in identifying the major theme of content design and engineering. SBMs could find value from this study findings as may increase knowledge of the SMM strategies that are most beneficial in developing consumer favored SMM content, selecting appropriate social media platforms, and developing effective customer reach and engagement strategies. The potential for business leaders to increase business success also holds beneficial ramifications for increased social and community welfare and prosperity.