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Community policing is an effort between the security agents and the community that identifies and solves community problems such as insecurity issues. This paper thus discusses the challenges facing the local private security guards toward enhancing community policing. The study found that poor working conditions, poor pay, lack of recognition from the public, inadequate working facilities, and poor communication channels were among the major challenges facing private guards in Eldoret town. The study recommends that there is need for improving working conditions as well as communication.

There are many researches that have been proposed for embedding data into digital video. However, most of those schemes extending data hiding technique for still images to videos by treating each single frame as a still image and embed data in intra-frame. In this paper, we propose an effective data-hiding scheme that embeds data in digital videos using the phase angle of the motion vector of the macro blocks in the inter-frame. The scheme can be applied to either compressed or uncompressed videos. Furthermore, the embedded data can be extracted directly without using the original video sequences. Our experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed method. The method is implemented and tested for hiding data in natural sequences of multiple groups of pictures and the results are evaluated. The evaluation is based on two criteria: minimum distortion to the reconstructed video and minimum overhead on the compressed video size. Based on the aforementioned criteria, the proposed method is found to perform well and is compared to a motion vector attribute-based method from the literature.

Aim of this article, classification statistical and power characteristics of the command brain motor with different structures of powerful perceptron neural network Combined with Levenberg Marquardt algorithm and evaluating the best structure to separate these signals. Detection of motor steering signals in the brain is an important classification issue. The discrete wavelet transform to extract features and investigate of the scale-frequency electroencephalogram signals are used. Results show perceptron network with two hidden layers and twelve neurons with linear output transfer function at best 92% and then the multilayer perceptron with one hidden layer and transfer function tangent sigmoid 86% have ability to separate.

In this study three land uses with constant soil type and lithology have been considered and also, rainfall intensities have been created by using rainfall simulator device and in two intensities of 46 mm/hour and 88 mm/hour, and as well as considering the slopes of 5 percent and 15 percent, according to the three repeats in 36 stages of sampling. Also, from adjacent parts of the rainfall simulator device and from 0-20 cm depth of soil, the soil samples were taken for analysis in a soil laboratory. The results showed that the land use changes indicate dramatic impacts on soil sedimentation amount in various intensities of rainfall and different slopes; so that the highest amount of sedimentation is carried out in the abandoned rainfed use and intensity of rainfall of 88 mm/hour and slope of 15%.

The paper attempts to determine impact of competition on marketing practices. Specifically the research paper attempts to find out whether institutions providing business management education today should be marketing oriented? How does marketing efforts of institutions providing business management education have undergone a change in terms of spending on Advertising , Spending on Public Relation activities, Spending on Faculty Development and Training, Brand building Activities over last 5 years. Finally the research paper makes an attempt towards finding out the level of marketing activities being practiced by the institute

The Study entitled “As Study on the consumer preference on various mobile connections and buyer behaviour” was conducted in Salem with special reference to RELIANCE INFOCOMM. The study was undertaken to know the preference level of consumers towards various mobile connections. Both primary and secondary data was collected by interview method and referring the company manual and website of the company. The statistical tool used in the study was percentage analysis, weighted average Method, chi square test, one sample run test. The limitation of the study was that the data provided by the respondents may be false at times and it is confined to 200 consumers only and conducted in Salem only.

A study on the DC performance of Nano Quantum Dot Transistor under illumination is presented. A device structure consist of Quantum Dots(QD) in the GaAs layer is considered for illumination. The photoconductive effect in the GaAs and QD layer which increases the 2DEG Channel electron concentration is considered. The I-V Characteristics of Quantum Dot Transistor, under dark and illumination condition have been calculated, plotted and discussed.

Diurnal fluctuations cannot penetrate at certain depth of ground. Ground at this depth gives stable thermal environment. Utilizing the soil for heat dissipation purpose, ETHE (Earth Tube Heat Exchanger) system was designed and developed for a typical space in closed loop mode for storage of high value seeds maintaining RH in addition to cooling the air. Seed storage structure based on ETHE of 54 m3 was constructed as per design calculations. ETHE was made of PVC pipe 0.16 m outer diameter and 42 m in length, buried 2.7 m deep below soil surface in loop mode. Different seeds were stored in storage structure. Seed storage studies under ETHE indicated higher germination compared to ambient condition storage. However, there was no appreciable change in vigor index. The average relative humidity inside was relatively stable and temperature was considerably different as compared to ambient over the entire year. The work of ETHE was in heating mode from mid July to November and in cooling mode from November to mid July.

This paper presents a novel method for early detection of forming a Tumor i.e. Micro-calcifications in Mammograms. The main objective of this paper is to segment and detect the Micro-calcification (MCCs) from Digital mammograms that helps to provide and support for clinical decision to perform biopsy of the breast. In this paper, there are two aspects. First is to enhance the image by using Mathematical Morphology and denoise by Wavelet Transform and segmentation and detection of Micro-calcifications using Spot detection. Second is to extract texture based features by using Gabor filters from the segmented image and finally classify it by using Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) classifier. The Mammogram database consist of 154 images, in which 90 images are taken for training the Probabilistic neural network and 64 images are used for testing purpose.

Current study is carried out to look at the deterinmants of profitablity in insurance sector of Pakistan with a panel data set of 31 insurance firms (life insurance sector and no-life insurance) of Pakitan from 2006-2011. To investigete the deterinmants of profitabiltiy two most applicable panel data teachniques (fixed effects and random effects models) are employed and then Hausman’s specification test is applied to select the most effective model. This test proves that fixed effects model is the most appropriated model for this study. The outcomes of fixed effects model propose that leverage, size, earnings voalitiy and age of the firm are signficant determinants of profitablitiy while growth opportunities and liquidty are not significant determinants of peorfitabiltiy. Accordign to best knowledge of authors this is frist study that covers the whole fiancial sector and emoply the appropriate models on the panel data. This study is very handy for the mangement of insurance sector of Pakistan in regarding their profitabilty decsions and stakeholders of insurance sector.