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Relationship marketing means establishing long term relationship with the customers. As loyal customers serve as a profitable source for a company so companies use different techniques to make them loyal. Membership cards have become quite a popular technique of relationship marketing. Companies are increasing targeting the elements that reflect the customers’ emotional bonding with companies. In this research an attempt done to determine different elements of affective loyalty and the role of loyalty programs in determining the difference between members and non members regarding these affective loyalty variables. Data is collected through questionnaire and analysed through independent sample t test. The results reveal that there is significant difference between members and non members for all dimensions of affective loyalty.

Carbon fibers have been considered as so important reinforcements for aluminum alloys in manufacturing advanced composite materials. Composite materials have been used in automobile, ships aircraft, sports goods and so on. This study discussed the experimental results on tensile strength and modulus of three samples, at different orientations and constant volume fraction of 60% of carbon fibers reinforced aluminum matrix composites at low temperatures. Several experimental tests have been carried out at longitudinal (0°) and transverse (90°) directions of composite specimens using an environmental test chamber with a universal testing machine. Thermo-mechanical tensile loads at strain rate of (0.0015 s-1) were applied to carbon fiber/Aluminum laminates at room temperature (RT=23 0C, zero 0C, -15 0C and -30 0C). The results indicated that low temperatures have a significant effect on mechanical properties i-e tensile and modulus. It was found that the tensile strength for sample S1 reduced as the temperature decrease for both directions while S2 didn’t effect by low temperatures in transverse direction but the strength was reduced at -30 0C by 10% compared to RT in longitudinal direction. It was also observed that for S3, the tensile strength was reduced at -30 0C for both directions. The modulus of the three samples was increased as the temperature reduced. The experimental results also indicated that the strength and modulus for the three samples are higher in longitudinal laminates compared to transverse laminates at low temperatures.

Stevia is a natural sweetener. The herb can aid in weight loss by reducing appetite and can be used to suppress tobacco and alcohol cravings. Stevia leaf also contains various vitamins and minerals including vitamins A and C, zinc, , magnesium and iron. Stevia leaves contain numerous natural nutrients important to regulating blood sugar, including chromium, magnesium, manganese, potassium, selenium, zinc, and vitamin B3 (Niacin), which the body converts into niacin amide and nicotinic acid. In the present study the nutritive value and shelf life of the products (Flavoured Milk and Custard Pudding) prepared from stevia powder was estimated and analyzed. In has been found that both products have very high nutritive value and self life indicate that they are also stable preparations under normal domestic storage conditions.

In this research, we can try to analyze policy making process from politic point of view, and we treated with define politics, operational principle of politics, politic parties, power and it is resources, beneficiary groups, origin of nominee group’s formation and it’s concluded that policy making is a political process. And in another words, policy making before being a weighty and logical choosing, is result of power action and political business.

Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC) topologies have received increasing attention in recent years for high power applications. It serves as a suitable interface for fuel cells to convert low voltage high current input into a high voltage low current output. The advantages of interleaved boost converter compared to the classical boost converter are low input current ripple, high efficiency, faster transient response, reduced electromagnetic emission and improved reliability. This paper focuses on power loss analysis of the interleaved converter with winding –cross-coupled inductors and switched-capacitors. The performance parameter of interleaved converter such as switching losses, conduction losses and efficiency has been studied. Simulations of IBC interfaced with fuel cells have been performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Remote sensing is a major source of data to prepare land cover map. The present study has been conducted to investigate the ability of Landsat ETM satellite in order to prepare land cover map. The images were taken on July 10, 2014 and has been georeferenced by using digital coordinate map with scale of 1: 25000.The amount of RMSE that obtained from geo-referenced images was o.348. In order to prepare for processing digital data, such as contrast enhancement, optimum index factor(OIF), principal component analysis(PCA), producing false color composite and vegetation indices improving operations and enhancing images were carried out on the data. Based on studies and field visits with help of control points and global positioning system, ground real map was prepared. To classify data Supervised classification methods were used. After classification, land cover maps with different classes were prepared. Overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient to classify maximum likelihood are 86.31% and 83.93% respectively. For a minimum distance 70.83% and 68.49%, for Minimum Mahalanobis Distance 85.95% and 81.53% and parallelepiped are 82.31% and 79.84% were obtained.

Fisheries is one of the four important subsectors of the economy recognized and incorporated into the implementation of the second phase of the National fadama Development Project (Fadama II) as a veritable tool aimed at reducing poverty by increasing the productivity and income levels of poor fadama resource users. The assessment of the effect of Fadama II project on fish farming was carried out in this study by using the with-and-without approach. A multistage sampling technique was used in sampling 185 fadama II fish farmers and 60 non-fadama II fish farmers from 9 Fadama Community Associations with the aid of structured interview schedule. Data obtained were analyzed by using frequency count, percentages, mean, standard deviation and t-test analytical techniques. Findings from the study indicated that fadama fish farmers had higher number of ponds, were more educated, larger household sizes, and were more experienced in fish farming business than the non-fadama fish farmers while non-fadama fish farmers were older than the fadama fish farmers. The results of t-test analyses revealed that significant differences occurred in the annual income (t-value=32.28, p<0.01) and production output (t-value=43.14, p<0.01) of fadama and non-fadama fish farmers. The study concluded that the project has a positive effect on the income of fadama fish farmers in Lagos State, Nigeria and recommended that subsequent phases of the NFDP programme should be extended to all fadama users as this will benefit more people.

Automatic annotation is in fact the process of classifying medical using global and local features of standard image codes (IRMA) while being extracted. This includes four technical data axes of providing image (modality), direction, anatomy, and biological system. A few number of recent researches have been conducted on the extraction of Gabor filter feature in HSV color space for automatic annotation, but until now no complete comparison has been conducted on the accuracy of the different classifications in resolution and annotation of the images based on the Gabor filter feature in HSV color space. The results from the known and famous classifiers used on the four characteristics of anatomy, direction, biological system and modality are presented in this paper, which show that K-Nearest Neighbor is the most efficient classification group as far as accuracy is concerned.

The article extends, study on the removal of heavy metals such as Cr, Zn and Ni from tannery effluent by using macrofungi in the form of mycelial biomass. Mycelial biomass of cultivated mushrooms namely Pleurotus florida, Calocybe indica were collected and subjected for biosorption studies. Among the chosen two mushrooms Pleurotus florida showed the maximum biosorption. Both the mushrooms were found to have the biosorption efficiency of heavy metals namely Cr, Zn and Ni. Pleurotus florida has 88.5%biosorption efficiency of Cr; 68.4% Zn and 58.8%; while Calocybe indica has recorded 55%biosorption of efficiency of Cr;37.9% Zn and 49.1% Ni respectively. As biosorption of heavy metals using macrofungi is an ecofriendly method, it could be an excellent and viable method for the removal of heavy metals form tannery effluent.

No matter how much we diversify our investments, it's impossible to get rid of all the risk. As investors, we deserve a rate of return that compensates us for taking on risk. The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) helps us to calculate investment risk and what return on investment we should expect. Here we look at the formula behind the model, the evidence for and against the accuracy of CAPM, and what CAPM means to the average investor.