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This study is based on observation on court-domination; it tries to answer how the governmental organs and their staff who were not chosen by people directly should answer people. The same essay has introduced some concepts of answering, it is to examine some answering goals in the governmental centers and their different aspects. This study is to assign an example as a theoretical form in order to compare some of usual answering systems in the world. The writer, by using the same examples of answering systems in English and America which are two political (parliamentary and boss) systems and those of Pakistan and Bangladesh have explained all details. The writer hops to study the reply systems in the foresaid societies, let us know about these systems and their effects.

Pesticides are one of the most significant environmental factors that cause various metabolic and physiological dysfunctions in the male reproductive system. In the present investigation, alterations in sperm morphology, sperm count and sperm motility, as well as in the testosterone levels and histopathology of testicular cells due to endosulfan toxicity was studied. Sexually matured male Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus), weighing 30±2g, were segregated into 4 different groups with ten mice in each group. 3 groups were administered with the dose of 3mg/kg body wt per day of Endosulfan by oral gavage method for 6, 12 and 18 weeks respectively, and one group served as control. After the last treatment, the animals were sacrificed on 6th, 12th, 18th weeks and the sperm parameters were estimated. The mice testes were fixed for light microscopy study and serum testosterone levels were estimated. Endosulfan significantly decreased the sperm motility and sperm count, and there were distinct histopathological abnormalities in testicular tissue. Significant decline in the testosterone levels was also observed. Endosulfan causes deleterious effects on the spermatological parameters of Swiss albino mice,thus negatively affecting the fertility. Keywords: Endosulfan, Mus musculus, Sperm count, Sperm motility, Sperm morphology.

We propose a novel method based on artificial neural network (ANN) for beam position calculation and fault diagnosis of beam position monitors (BPM) in electron storage rings. BPM are diagnostic devices used to determine position of stored electron beam in storage rings. BPM commonly uses four button type electrodes as sensors to sense the electric field of electron beam circulating in storage ring. A mathematical polynomial of suitable degree is generally used to compute beam position from the button electrode signals of the BPM when beam excursions are large from the design orbit. The coefficients of the polynomial are derived from the bench calibration data of BPM. In the proposed new method, a neural network predicts the position of electron beam using four electrode signals of a BPM. A feed-forward network with three hidden layers using backpropagation training algorithm has been designed and trained with the bench calibration data of each BPM. The beam position predicted by the network was compared with conventional polynomial method. Neural network based method was tested on the BPM of 2.5 GeV electron synchrotron radiation source named Indus-2 at Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore, India. The root mean square (rms) error in neural network predicted beam position in horizontal plane and vertical plane was 24 and 26 microns respectively as compared with 100 and 101 microns with first polynomial and 61 and 66 microns with second polynomial in the central region of ± 5 mm on bench calibration data. The reliability of beam position measurement was assured by another neural network by doing self consistency check. In this paper we present architecture, training of neural network and improvement in beam position measurement in comparison with polynomial method.

This study seeks to assess the Impact of the Contributory Pension Scheme on employee retirement benefits of quoted firms in Nigeria. In line with this objective, the population of the study is the one hundred and eighty-two (234) firms quoted on the first- tier market of the Nigerian Stock Exchange and ten (10) quoted firms selected as sample size based on the fact that they are some of the companies that had complied with SAS 8. The study utilized data from secondary source. Data were obtained from the annual accounts and reports of the (10) quoted firms that made up the sample of the study. The time frame for the study is ten years, covering the period of 1998 to 2007. The techniques of analysis used in the study were the Student’s T-test and the qualitative grading. We concluded that even though the Contributory Pension Scheme has positive impact on employee retirement benefits of quoted firms in Nigeria, variation in application still exists among them. The study recommended an effective monitoring/supervision and enforcement of the provisions of the Pension Reform Act, 2004, in addition to effective implementation of the penalties provided by the Act on non-compliers regardless of their status or origin. The study calls on the appropriate authorities such as the government, professional accountancy bodies on academics to commission research and activities geared towards developing not only accounting policies that would ensure swift compliance with Statement of Accounting Standards (SAS 8), but strategies that would ensure optimum investments that enhance net worth and profitability of firms.

Cloud Computing involves aggregation of computing, storage and network resources into a single entity called cloud in which task is performed. Cloud computing is an evolution of the virtualization, Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Utility Computing. In efficient resource management, the virtualized data center is always a practical concern and it has attracted significant attention. This allocation mechanism is desired to maximize the spaces for technical cloud providers. In this paper uses the overbooking and automatic from physical machine management to avoid resource over-provision problem according to its runtime demand. It proposes an automatic model to control the overbooking policy while it provides usages probability based on the performance and risk estimation. To cooperate with overbooking policy, it optimizes the VM placement with resource-aware strategy to satisfy application's QoS requirement. In this paper, Automated VM provisioning approach in which multiple VMs are consolidated and provisioned based on an estimate of their aggregate capacity needs. To implement cloud analytics in cloud computing in which it have reached the goal of achieves the overload avoidance and green computing concept successfully.

A seismological investigation for earthquake hazard in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area was undertaken. The research was aimed at employing a mathematical model to estimate the seismic stress for the study area by generating a complete, unified and harmonized earthquake catalogue spanning 1615 to 2012. Seismic events were sourced from Amponsah, P., Leydecker, G. and Muff R. (2012) based on Ambraseys and Adams, (1986), Geological Survey Department (GSD), Ghana Atomic Energy Commission’s National Data Center (NDC), National Earthquake Information Service (NEIS), United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the International Seismological Centre (ISC).The least square estimation method and the maximum likelihood estimation method were employed to evaluate b-values of 0.6 and 0.9 respectively for the study area. A thematic map of epicentral intensity was developed to help relate the distribution of events with respect to the virtually fractured, jointed and sheared geology of the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA). The results obtained are indicative of the fact that the stress level of GAMA has a telling effect on its seismicity and also the events are prevalent at fractured, jointed and sheared zones of weakness.

The proposed work gives a method of cancer diagnosis using artificial intelligence. The method involves the use of MRI images which are processed and segmented before the display of the tumor portion. The tumor portion will be having a denser background as compared to the general image; this has been set up in our algorithm. Some image enhancement and noise reductions are done to enhance the image quality, after that some morphological operations are applied to detect the tumor in the image.

The present study empirically investigates the risk and return relationship by loading the macroeconomic information in standard CAPM in addition to market information. One hundred financial and non financial companies listed on Karachi Stock Exchange are investigated over a period of January 2005 to August 2011. Monthly data is used for the company asset prices, market portfolio and macroeconomic variables in this study. The macroeconomic variables are used as additional risk forces in the model. The study makes use of CAPM with unconditional and conditional specification for the prediction of future asset prices. The time varying conditional information and lagged macroeconomic variables are added in the model. The GARCH (1, 1) – M technique is applied to capture the conditional volatility clustering of asset returns. The findings of the current study reveals that conditional multifactor CAPM have better results than unconditional multifactor CAPM model. The residuals and conditional variances have significantly positive impact and are helpful in explaining time varying behaviour of asset returns. The macroeconomic variables such as oil prices, foreign exchange rate, foreign exchange reserves, inflation rate, interest rate, and money supply play significant role while industrial production index, unemployment rate, and market returns have inconclusive role in this study. The study concludes that macroeconomic risk factors play a prominent role in explaining stock returns.

The quality of employees hired depends on an effective recruitment and selection strategy. Recruitment and selection are critical human resource functions for businesses. Recruiting the right type of employees having the organizational fit remain a big challenge to the employers who want to achieve guaranteed success in their business operations. Hiring the right employees for the business can positively affect the turnover rate, company culture, production and profit. HR departments have become strategic entities in their functioning since these have to recruit the best resources, involve them fully in organizational productivity and plan for their value addition in order to ensure retention. This study was conducted to know the recruitment process followed by organizations and challenges faced by the HR recruiters while recruiting and selecting the candidates. The recruitment and selection issues that are prevalent today are not unique to any organization and research has shown that the issues are almost identical. Recruitment should be based on qualification, merit and experience. High unemployment doesn’t necessarily mean that it is easy to find good candidates. Centralized recruitment is advantageous. Line and staff co-operation is essential with regard to recruitment and selection. A fake resume affects the recruitment process badly and affects the efficiency and credibility of the company.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the watercourse land use of pasture, rainfed and abandoned rainfed which conducted in Bab Karafs watershed (Sarduyeh) in Jiroft County using the artificial rainfall simulator device. In this study three land uses with constant soil type and lithology have been considered and also, rainfall intensities have been created by using rainfall simulator device and in two intensities of 46 mm/hour and 88 mm/hour, and as well as considering the slopes of 5 percent and 15 percent, according to the three repeats in 36 stages of sampling. Also, from adjacent parts of the rainfall simulator device and from 0-20 cm depth of soil, the soil samples were taken for analysis in a soil laboratory. The results showed that the land use changes indicate dramatic impacts on watercourse and erosion amounts in different slopes; so that the maximum amount of watercourse is carried out in the abandoned rainfed use and slope of 15%. The minimum amount of watercourse is carried out in the rainfed use and slope of 5%.