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The FT-IR and FT Raman spectra of 2,4-dihydroxy-3-nitropyridine (DHNP) molecule have been recorded in the region 4000-400cm-1 and 3500-50cm-1 respectively. Optimized geometrical parameters, harmonic vibrational frequencies and depolarization ratio have been computed by HF and density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method and basis sets. The observed FT-IR and FT-Raman vibrational frequencies are analysed and compared with theoretically predicted vibrational frequencies. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies shows that charge transfer occur within molecule. Unambiguous vibrational assignments of all the fundamentals was made using the total energy distribution (TED).

The present study was aimed to find out the relationship of marital adjustment between working and non-working married women. Sample of the study consisted of 100 working and non-working married women (working married women = 50, non-working married women = 50). Their age ranged between 25 to 46 years. Urdu Translation of Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Naseer, 2002) was administered to measure the Marital Adjustment of the entire sample. Results showed that that the non-working married women are better adjusted than working women. Working married women were facing more problems in their married life as compared to non-working married women; non-working married women are better adjusted than working women.

Medical diagnosis is very much essential for the human beings to survive. Earlier the diagnosis, lesser is the pain. The disease unattended will lead to extreme conditions and greater pain, loss of health and high expenditure. This paper focuses on the comprehensive scalability analysis conducted on two kinds of thyroid dataset: original and synthetic. The results obtained with original dataset consisting of 215 instances with 5 features have been compared with the results obtained with synthetic dataset consisting of 1075 instances with 25 features. Initially the features were reduced to 3 features and 13 features on both the cases respectively. Subsequently classification accuracy is obtained using top most performing classifiers namely C4.5 and Multi layer perceptron. The results obtained are promising and the dimensionality reduction technique has proved better for smaller datasets as well as for larger datasets.

The development of polymer solar cells has improved power-conversion efficiencies from 3% to almost 9% in recent progress. Based on semiconducting polymers, these solar cells are fabricated from solution-processing techniques and have unique prospects for achieving low-cost solar energy harvesting, owing to their material and manufacturing advantages. The potential applications of polymer solar cells are broad, ranging from flexible solar modules and semi transparent solar cells in windows to building applications and even photon recycling in liquid-crystal displays. The various device structures used in organic polymer solar cells are reviewed. The operating principles behind these devices are explained in order to provide the reasoning behind the different structures and bilayer and bulk heterojunction devices discussed.

Life skills have been defined as “the abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enable individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life.”This paper examines the relevance of imparting life skills education in schools in today’s world, the core life skills, the target group those who most needs it; challenges and issues of adolescent students. And lastly emphasis is given on various methods to enhance life skills in students.

Living within a human community is a must for every human being upon which most scholars have agreed. The essentials of today’s life require presence of women within the community as well as men to work and do everyday activities. However, the street harassment issue as a social anomie for women is growing and their peace & comfort is taken away. Since this social anomie is a serious threat against the social security of people, so, the present research has been carried out to study the amount of street harassment for women and social elements affecting it in Iran. The methodology used in this paper was survey and the statistical community which is being evaluated is all youth between 18 and 28 among which, 280 individuals are selected randomly by the Cockron formula as the final cases. The results are analyzed using SPSS software. The results proved that there is a correlation between independent variables like age, education, monthly income of the family, relationship with the parents, monitoring and the control of official agencies and religious beliefs and the dependent variable of street harassment. Also the outcomes of regression analysis showed that %38 of changes in street harassment variable by means of the rest of six variables are defined in regression model and among those variables the relationship with the parents, age and education had the most effects on the dependent variable.

Good agricultural practices (GAP) are Practices that address environmental, economic and social sustainability for on-farm processes and result in safe and quality food and non-food agricultural products. In simple language, GAP stands on four pillars (economic viability, environmental sustainability, social acceptability and food safety and quality). In recent years, the concept of GAP has evolved to address the concerns of different stakeholders about food production and security, food safety and quality, and the environmental sustainability of agriculture. These stakeholders include governments, food retailing industries, farmers and consumers who seek to meet specific objectives of food safety, food production, production efficiency, livelihood and environmental benefits. Adoption of a sustainable practice means that the farmer has accepted the idea as good and that he intends to include it in the ongoing program of land preparation, planting, and harvesting. In other words, adoption is the implementation and continued use of an agriculture practice. This is an important difference from trial or experimentation, because a farmer might try a sustainable practice and abandon that practice. Adoption of sustainable practices by farmers is the key to transforming agriculture into a long-term, sustainable system. How far sustainability can be achieved in a democracy depends greatly on farmers’ voluntary acceptance of sound land use practices. Individual decisions are shaped by the availability of technical information and the appropriate machinery, seeds, and other inputs necessary to implement sustainable agricultural practices. This paper reviews literature on the good agricultural practices that promote sustainable food security.

This article (who's most parts are taken from Mr. Md. Baharuddin Bin Abdul Rahman PhD thesis proposal U.S.M, 2007-2014) to discuss about an introduction of Project Based Learning (PjBL) process. This paper also focuses for the development of engineering product by implementation of PjBL module (prefer to PjBL model & theory). This pilot testing of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) module that was significant with research proved of success in the engineering products/projects development and typical of socio-constructivist with positive impact in student approaches.

Population based stochastic search techniques inspired by nature has attracted much attention recently as an effective approach for solving numerical optimization problems. Two of the most commonly used population-based global optimization algorithms are PSO and DE. Although both have been successfully applied to a wide range of test and real life problems but they have certain shortcomings associated with them. Since DE utilizes the differential information to get the new candidate solution, sometimes it results in instability of performance. Again DE has no mechanism to memory the previous process and use the global information about the search space, so it results in a waste of computing power and may get trapped in local optima. Although PSO converges quickly but, easily gets stuck in local optima because of loss of diversity of swarm. In this paper a simple hybrid version of DEPSO has proposed. DEPSO combines the differential information obtained by DE with six mutation policies and the memory information extracted by PSO to create the promising solutions. Again a time decreasing parameter tuning has been proposed which brings in a significant improvement of the performance of DEPSO. Performances are presented through the tests of four complex benchmark functions with three different dimensionalities. The experimental results show that the convergence rates and qualities of solutions are greatly improved.

Investigation of the sandwich structures under bending has an important role to understanding the composite structures stability. Bending behavior of sandwich structures has a wide range of applications in science, engineering and technology. In this study the effects of core shape, cell wall height, wall thickness and skin thickness on critical bending load of honeycomb sandwich panels have been investigated. The other parameters of sandwich panel supposed constant during all analyses. The finite element simulation has been carried out with using of ABAQUS software and results were compared with experimental results. After that design of experiment based on Taguchi method has been carried out for understanding the effect of investigated parameters on maximizing the critical bending load. Eventually, the effect of parameters has been investigated with using of ANOVA.