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Formazan of benzaldehyde (FB) has been prepared as a corrosion inhibitor to control the rate of corrosion. This compound has been investigated as corrosion inhibitor at room temperature for preventing mild steel corrosion in Citric acid mediums by weight loss method and by adsorption isotherm. The result showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of these compounds was found to vary with different acid concentration. Also, it was found that the corrosion inhibition behavior of FB is greater in 1M Citric acid and 2M Citric acid. But when it has been compared the results revealed that the inhibitor efficiency is better in 1M Citric acid than 2M Citric acid. So FB can be used has a good inhibitor for preventing mild steel material. The surface analysis study also confirms that the corrosion of the mild steel and its inhibition efficiency by the inhibitor FB.

This paper has two primary purposes; first, we expand confines of Resource Opportunity (hence forth referred to as; RO) by introducing two entrepreneurial concepts: 1) entrepreneurial recognition, which we describe as the recognition of opportunities and opportunity seeking behaviour as a resource and 2) the method of combining and organizing resources as a resource. The second objective is to build theory for the field of entrepreneurship that can potentially cover micro and macro issues by focusing on the resources as the unit of analysis. This attempt is ordered around the four conditions of RO: resource heterogeneity, ex post limits to competition, imperfect factor mobility and ex ante limits to competition. By defining entrepreneurship which we define as the recognition and exploitation of opportunities which result in firm creation that seeks to obtain entrepreneurial rents, through the four conditions of RO we hypothetically inform and expand current research in both entrepreneurship and RO.

The competitive, complex and dynamic environment of the banking industry nowadays can lead to a great transformation in making the business due to an increasingly demanding customer. The traditional product-oriented bank is moving toward customer-oriented which focuses on customer loyalty as its main goal because of stiff competition. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the extent to which demographics correlated with service loyalty focusing on credit card service. A sample of 200 respondents was randomly chosen in this survey which 150 respondents gave the feedback. Correlation Pearson test being used to determine the relationship between demographic factors (age, gender, income level, occupation and lifestyle) and customer loyalty. The result from hypotheses testing has shown that only income level has positive relationship with customer loyalty as compared to other four demographic factors. This finding is also in line with what has been found by East (1995) indicated that shoppers who are more concerned about prices are less loyal, with high income groups being more loyal than low income groups.

This paper aims to examine that transformational leadership and employee empowerment influence on job satisfaction among small medium enterprises employee of Pakistan. This study adopted survey research that is a design of non experimental field study. There were given 250 questionnaires in 25 m firms HR departments (10 questionnaires in each firm). 22 firms respond and 220 questionnaires were usable for our research. There were examined the positive relationship between transformational leadership, employee empowerment and job satisfaction. While there was found the mediating variable ethics and social responsibility that showed the positive relationship. The main objective of this research was to analyze the effects of independent variables (.i.e. transformational leadership and employee empowerment) on job satisfaction. The data was collected by descriptive study and survey conducted on textile sector of SMEs in the city of Multan, Pakistan. The basic signification of this paper is that SMEs, particularly in the developing domestic and collectively owned small firms, in Pakistan, may see positively the benefits of paying greater considerations and social responsibility to transformational leadership and empowerment practices for gaining their future progress promisingly in job satisfaction.

Excellent companies have clear missions and strategic intent; they have core competencies and the intense dedication of their staff enable them to match these against customer needs. Through mergers and acquisitions a firm stands a chance to build on its achievement and surpass their competitors. The primary sources of long term profitability are talents or resources that competitors cannot imitate. Abilities or resources that are easily copied soon lose their value. But the core competencies, competitive advantages and synergies (mergers) that inhere in a tight configuration and very hard to imitate. Mergers creatively combine many elements that mutually reinforce one another. This makes merging difficult to duplicate/copy. From the research conducted, it was concluded that highly merged organisations possess a clear sense of direction. Their goals inspire, their strategies are clear, and their efforts are well targeted. So employees are committed and co-ordination is graceful. Merging present advantages and get firms with distinctive competencies and product/service that key competitors cannot imitate. Mergers can be as great competitive advantage as any other aspect of strategy.

Using Fourier transforms, the evolution of linearized perturbations in a thermally stratified magnetohydrodynamic shear flow is solved as an initial value problem. The resulting equation in terms of the Fourier amplitudes is solved for the case of bounded couette flow with a point source of the field of transverse velocity, density and temperature. Solutions are obtained for small values of Alfve?n velocity and Brunt Vaisala frequency. The velocity plots are drawn for different values of Alfve?n velocity and Brunt frequency.

This study endeavors to investigate if assessment tools such as TKT, DELTA, and the alternative assessment have any statistically significant washback effects on the reflection of Iranian EFL in- service teachers. To fulfill the requirements of the study, the researchers selected 90 subjects and categorized them into three groups. Three assessment packages which included the actual samples of TKT, DELTA, and alternative assessment tools, along with the instructional and coaching materials related to all these modes of assessment, were randomly presented to the three groups respectively. The researchers adopted a pre-test post-test comparison group design to investigate the washback effect of each assessment tool and compare the three groups in terms of teacher reflection. Having used one-way ANOVA to analyze the collected data, the researchers concluded that the alternative assessment tools, compared to DELTA and TKT, had the strongest washback effect on teachers' reflection.

The study of translation has increasingly drawn the attention of more scholars in the last few decades. The translation process has been reduced to different forms of analysis at one time or the other (see Catford, 1965; Uwajeh, 1994, 2001, 2007, etc) in an attempt to explain the hierarchical relationship at which translation equivalence may be achievable. Recently, however, more studies have shown that the existing four ranks/levels are not enough to successfully show the process that is involved in translation practice generally. This paper seeks to show one of these inadequacies as evident in the translation of euphemistic expressions in ?do. An additional level is, herein, proposed to be added to the existing four levels to give a five-level translation model. This paper is therefore, an improvement on the existing model and it is hoped that it will help in making the process of translation better understood in modern Linguistics.

The ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity have been measured for the binary liquid mixture of polyvinyl alcohol+ water has been measured as a function of the composition of 303,308,313and318 K. The experimental data have been used to calculate some parameters namely, acoustic impedance (z), adiabatic compressibility (?), intermolecular free length (Lf), and relative association (RA). The results are discussed and interpreted in terms of structural and specific interactions that predominated by intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

Overheating is the major problem ofhermetic compressor due to extra amount of heat added from the motor windings to the shell. It reduces the mass flow rate of the system which results in reduced compressor volumetric efficiency and extremely high discharge temperature. The refrigerant injection is a technique to improve the system performance. This paper reviews the major research on refrigerant injection techniques in detail. The refrigerant injection technique divided into two categories, first is vapor injection and another is liquid injection. Flash tank and internal heat exchanger are two cycles for refrigerant injection. These two cycles are discussed in detail.