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Acetoacetanilide derivatives with heterocycles have versatile applications including making agrochemicals, dyes, pigments, pharmaceuticals including vitamins, and stabilizers for PVC and polyester. Among those, 4'- Chloroacetoacetanilide was used in recombinant androgen receptor competitive binding assay for analysis of natural, synthetic and environmental chemicals. Hence in this work, the vibrational spectra and structure of 4'- Chloroacetoacetanilide (4CAA) was studied using DFT. The calculated Infrared and Raman spectra of the 4CAA compound were stimulated using the scaled force fields and the computed dipole derivatives for IR intensities and polarisability derivatives for Raman intensities.

Rather than a unattended (guardian less) is a individual problem it's a social problem. Today we are facing with abnormal increase of unattended children in all over the world. this increase have many reasons such as poverty, war, corruption and prostitution increasing and addiction … .These children are victims of society coarseness that not only deprived having parents and the kindly gathering of family but don't accept them and look at them as parasite. Although these children haven't different with their peers in intelligence but rate of self – esteem social growth and academic progress didn't grow like the children who enjoy feasibility family. The main purpose of this study is investigated educational and social status of unattended children in boarding institutes until investigated the organizational and structural status the care institutes of unattended children investigated the different their needs. This study was doing as descriptive and comparative study to the researcher be able describe care institutes children status and also compare them to peers in terms of educational and social. Study population consisted of all the unattended boys and girls that according to welfare organization's statistics they are 22 thousand and five hundred children who keeping in 480 institutes, selected 360 children and 20 institutes among them randomly.

The prediction of long term mechanical properties of sandwich structures consisting of PU foam core and Vinyl Ester (VE) / Glass face sheet material under temperature, humidity and salt fog environment were performed by accelerated testing methodology based on the Time-Temperature superposition principle (TTSP). PU foam cored VE/ glass fibre reinforced sandwich structures with varied densities of PU foam were prepared and tested for degradation in flexurall properties at three different temperatures (30° C, 40° C, and 50° C) and RH 95% for a period of 120 days. The degradation in flexural properties such as Facing Bending Strength (FBS), Core Shear Strength (CSS) and compression properties (edgewise and flatwise strength) were studied. The master curves for FBS, CSS,ECS and FCS were constructed by using the test data obtained from the degradation studies at three different temperature conditions based on Time temperature super position principle and the acceleration factor has been determined. An effort has been made to develop methodologies for accelerated testing of sandwich structures for long term durability considering time, marine ambiance, temperature and humidity as major influencing parameters

A distributed adaptive opportunistic routing scheme for multihop wireless ad hoc networks is proposed. The proposed scheme utilizes a reinforcement learning framework to opportunis-tically route the packets even in the absence of reliable knowledge about channel statistics and network model. This scheme is shown to be optimal with respect to an expected average per-packet re-ward criterion. The proposed routing scheme jointly addresses the issues of learning and routing in an opportunistic context, where the network structure is characterized by the transmission success probabilities. In particular, this learning framework leads to a sto-chastic routing scheme that optimally “explores” and “exploits” the opportunities in the network.

Diabetes mellitus is the most common and significant chronic endocrine disorder affecting approximately 200 million individuals worldwide. The Research objective was phytochemical investigation and anti-diabetic activity of polar/non-polar solvent extracts of Urtica parviflora leaves. The extracts were subjected to qualitative chemical tests and steroids, triterpenoids, carbohydrates, glycosides and tannins and phenolic compounds were found to be present. The presence of steroids was confirmed by TLC & HPTLC. The effect of different extracts such as ethanolic, petroleum-ether, aqueous and chloroform of Urtica parviflora leaves were evaluated for their antidiabetic activity by using alloxan induced diabetes model (albino rats) and Glibenclamide (10 mg/kg. p.o.) used as standard drug. LD50 cut-off dose of Urtica Parviflora leaves extracts of petroleum ether, ethanolic, chloroform and aqueous extracts were found to be 2000 mg/kg. 1/10th of LD50 cut-off dose of Urtica parviflora leaves extracts were taken for screening of antidiabetic activity. The present work confirms that ethanolic, aqueous and chloroform extracts showed significant antidiabetic activity.

This study was to assess the adequacy of human and material resources for effective implementation of physics curriculum. Four colleges of educations were randomly sampled in four states. Teachers’ opinions questionnaire was used to collect relevant data. Frequency count and percentages were used to analyze the data collected. The result shows that laboratories, school library sizes and non- teaching staff were moderately adequate and science journal was inadequate. It was recommended that lapses in each of the colleges need immediate amelioration for quantitative education.

This study assessed the involvement of rural children in farming activities in Odeda local government area of Ogun state. Interview schedules were used to obtain information from 80 children from the study area. The study revealed that the mean age of the respondents is 14 years with more than half (55%) between 13 and 15 years. Majority (92.5%) of the children are schooling. Also, about three out of every four children (76.25%) are involved in about 13 farming activities. Boys are more involved at a higher level in farming activities than girls. Chi-square analyses revealed that there is significant difference at p<0.05 in male/female involvement in land clearing (?² = 13.265), ridging (?² = 19.163), planting (?² = 23.474), fertilizer application (?² = 9.172), staking (?² = 10.889), harvesting (?² = 26.000), transporting (?² = 11.607) and marketing (?² = 9.053). It can further be deduced from the study that farming in the study area by the children cannot be regarded as child labour as most of their involvement is done on weekends. The study concluded that children should be involved in farming at a low to medium level depending on age as this serves as means through which a child can acquire basic survival skills that will be needed for the child’s personal development and, in the long run, resulting in sustainable national development.

Sustainable production is the need of the hour for a sustainable environment. To obtain a sustainable future is possible only through recycling of the recycled product .In the world where demand cannot meet with the existing requirements it is necessary to go on with the natural resources prevailing. In this case, biodiesel occupies a unique place to satisfy the expectations. Biodiesel from neem cake has an excellent efficiency to provide a good combustion to run vehicles and generators at a sufficient economy. The paper details on producing biodiesel from neem oil through fractional distillation involving both esterification and trans-esterification processes. The fuel recovered by this process is further recycled to extract esters. The unique technique that this paper provides is an approach to minimize the wastage and economy of the recyclically recovered fuel while using it in generators. The power thus obtained is made to use in sufficient quantities to initiate the recycling further thus enhancing the process to be a cyclic one. The practical work of the above said is being conducted in the laboratory. The prevention of solidification of fuel is also made possible through a technique which is discussed in the paper. This way the approach further insists on a complete usage of the already recovered green fuel including the unburnt fuel to mix along with the normal diesel used in automobiles. This approach also focuses on minimizing the emission effects from automobiles and generators.

This paper focuses on the causes of juvenile delinquency and is an effort to pin point the large amount of causes that exist and contribute to what leads someone towards delinquent behavior and how these actions of him violate the law, who is under the legal age of majority in the Pakistan. So that serious actions should be taken to discarding this serious threat and epidemic signal from the society in the near future. This study was conducted at Adyala jail at Rawalpindi District in Punjab Province (Pakistan) in the Juvenile barracks. The study will be useful for the policy makers, law enforcing agencies and civil society and can serve to Pakistani societal norms significantly. In Pakistan serious dangers are created to the health, social and moral development of children. The findings shows that lake of basic facilities leads children to become criminals and courts make them professional.

The need for efficient Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) system has increased hugely. Efficient and effective retrieval techniques of images are desired because of the explosive growth of digital images. Content Based Image Retrieval is a promising approach because of its automatic indexing retrieval based on their semantic features and visual appearance. In CBIR, image is described by several low level image features, such as colour, texture, shape or the combination of these features. With appealing time-frequency localization and multi-scale properties, wavelet transform proved to be effective in feature extraction and representation. This paper presents multilevel wavelet decomposition and adaptive thresholding technique to extract shape and texture feature of the query image and to retrieve the similar images from the database. Edge detection is done using Daubechies (db2) wavelet. Zernike moments (ZM) are used to represent the shape. Efficiency of retrieval method is tested using precision and recall on Wang’s dataset.