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This paper reviews teaching strategies that secondary school (SL) teachers generally used for teaching of Pakistan Studies. Data for the study was collected from SL teachers through a questionnaire. Findings report that SL teachers consider memorisation of taught concepts as the main objective of teaching of Pakistan studies. Teachers perceive that oral lectures cannot develop in students’ desired traits of a citizenship and social values. Lecture strategy was found main strategy for teaching of Pakistan studies at SL. Inquiry or project strategies are usually not used for teaching of Pakistan studies, teachers generally do not plan lesson, they do not use maps or other aids for teaching of content about location, etc. Due to non availability of teaching aids in secondary schools. Pakistan studies may be taught through projects relating to students’ real life. Use of audio visual aids can make learning of Pakistan studies interesting for students. Resources like audio visual aids relating to the content of Pakistan studies for SL may be provided in schools.

The purpose of the given paper is to evaluate American English File (hereafter AEF) series (1st ed.). In so doing, to achieve the very purpose, Daoud and Celce-Murica’s 1979 attitude questionnaire was administrated to 50 EFL learners and 20 teachers in a popular language center, located in Bandare –e Anzali, Iran. The questionnaire aimed to elicit the agreement or disagreement of both learners and teachers on a Likert-scale. Based on the findings, it could be concluded that teachers had higher rating in comparison to the students for all the items. In general, there were significant differences between teachers and students in their attitude towards the textbook. Through this investigation, it is hoped that curriculum developers, before selecting a new material, make sure that it is able to meet both the students and the teachers’ need.

The rate of increase in construction site accident is very large which readily indicate the need to examine and overhaul the existing safety practices deployed in building construction sites. In order to improve the overall safety performance, there is ample need to investigate the root causes of accidents; results of which could be utilized in formulating more conducive working conditions and environments to avert accident. The following were conducted: review of literatures, archives of reported accidents cases kept by the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB). Also social surveys exercise using structured questionnaire forms were implemented to obtain relevant data from respondents who are mainly contractors, developers and consultant within Imo State, Nigeria. The finding reveals that accident result from critical factors such as unsafe method, human element, unsafe equipment, job site conditions, management and unique nature of the industry. After due analysis the main causes of accident were attributable to workers’ negligence, failure of workers to obey work procedures and safety principles; operating equipment without safety devices; poor site management; harsh work operation work at high elevation; low knowledge and skill level of workers; failure to use personal protective equipment and poor workers attitudes about safety. In general, lack of adherence to safety requirements which has led to increase exposure of workmen and the general public to risk situations on construction resulting in a high rate of incidence of accidents.

In many countries tourism has become a source of wealth and growth, this sector is perceived as a pillar of the national economy. This study examines causal relationships between tourism receipts and economic growth in Tunisia for the period 1965–2012. Granger causality test is used herein to assess the contribution tourism makes to economic growth. Our empirical results support the evidence on the direction of causality. The results indicate that only the tourism receipts affect GDP and not the other. Despite the importance of this sector, its contribution has slowed in recent years. Should therefore encourage manager’s hotels to improve their strategic policies, diversify their products and gain a competitive advantage.

Since assertiveness and communicative skills and their effects on a teen-ager's everyday life is of importance, a detailed study of the concepts can be useful in educating children with hearing impairments. This study aims to find out the effect of training communicative skills on deaf and partially deaf teen-agers' assertiveness. the method is pre-test, post test with a control group. the subjects are 65 female deaf and partially deaf students in Amol city 2012-2013 with ages ranging 15-20. From the subjects, 30 were randomly selected and divided into two groups i.e. experimental and control groups with 15 subjects in each. Alberti and Emmons assertiveness test was used to collect data. The experimental group underwent communicative skill training for 6 sessions; each taking on hour in one and a half month, held once a week. The results showed that the training had a positive (at: P=0.000 level) on the student' assertiveness.

Land is critical to the economic, social and cultural development of Kenya. It is crucial to the attainment of economic growth, poverty reduction and gender equity. Its importance is recognized by various Government initiatives including the initial Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), political party manifestoes and the Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation (2003-2007). Land was a key reason for the struggle for independence and Land issues remain politically sensitive and culturally complex. The Republic of Kenya has an area - approximately 582,646 sq.km comprising of 97.8% land and 2.2% water surface. Only 20% of the land area can be classified as medium to high potential agricultural land and the rest of the land is mainly arid or semiarid. Forests, woodlands and national reserves and game parks account for ten percent (10%) of the land area, i.e. 58,264 sq. km. Approximately seventy five per cent (75%) of the country’s population lives within the medium to high potential (20% of land area) and the rest in the vast Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASALs). One consequence of this is that size and distribution of land varies quite widely just as population density which ranges from as low as 2 persons per sq. km. in the ASALs to a high of over 2000 in high potential areas. This leads uncontrolled subdivision of agricultural land, leading to reduced productivity and hence a likelihood of food insecurity. As the old saying goes, ‘the devil is in the detail’ - in our case FRAGMENTATION.

The present study was carried out to investigate the nature of the possible relationship between the use of language-learning strategies (LLSs) and Iranian EFL university students’ reading proficiency. The following research questions were addressed in this project: (1) is there a difference in types and frequency of language-learning strategies that are used by Iranian EFL University students from those reported in other research studies? (2) Is there a difference in strategy use due to gender variable? and (3) is there any relationship between strategy use and reading proficiency. One hundred senior EFL students participated in this study. All the subjects were required to complete the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) questionnaire developed by Oxford (1990) and a reading comprehension test selected from the TOEFL test. With respect to the first research hypothesis, it was found that metacognitive strategies are used most frequently than other strategy groups. With regard to the second hypothesis, this study showed no significant difference at p<0.05 between strategy use and gender. And finally, with respect to the third research hypothesis, the results indicated that the only learning strategies having a meaningful relationship with the students’ reading proficiency were metacognitive strategies.

It is important for one to understand that every employee comes into the organization with a set of unique and distinct personality traits or characteristics. The study tries to investigate the relationship between the personality traits of 60 employee in Barry Callebaut Ghana Limited and their performance on the job. Personality trait was measured using the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Work performance on the other hand was measured using a structured appraisal questionnaire. The personality traits of the employees were then analyzed by mapping the links between the two major traits; Extraversion and Neuroticism. The study showed a weak inverse correlation between the two personality traits and performance. The correlation between Extraversion, Neuroticism and Performance is r =0.1 and r =0.2 respectively. This showed that Extraversion and Neuroticism have a weak negative relationship with performance but Extraversion has a good negative relationship with performance compared to Neuroticism or Neuroticism exhibited a stronger inverse relationship with performance compared to Extraversion. It is therefore recommended from this study to management of Barry Callebaut that they should employ more of extroverts than neurotics. Employers must factor personality assessment into their recruitment and selection criterion so as to examine how well potential employees will fit into a particular job vacancy.

Among all researches in the field of learners’ overall achievement, the effect of test anxiety of test takers’ has rarely been explored. And also, this present study is an effort to examine the anxiety of pupils in relation with overall achievement in the English course and the effect of their behavior on their performance on overall achievement test in the English course at the end of term. Data was collected by using the anxiety questionnaire developed by Richard Driscoll. A total of 200 participants were selected for this study. Accordingly, a standardized anxiety questionnaire was administered to 100 female and 100 male pupils in order to discover whether there is a relationship between test anxiety and learners’ overall achievement in the English course in the middle school in different genders. The findings have implications for testing, teaching, and syllabus design.

Most NGO’s in Kenya have shifted focus to budgetary control as a way of enhancing effectiveness in their services. Recognizing the role of budget and budgetary control has gained attention which has led some organizations to establish departments for implementation. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of budgetary control on the performance of NGO’s in Mombasa County. Specifically the study looked into the following objectives: effect of budget planning on the performance of Non-Governmental Organizations; effect of budget supervision on performance of Non-Governmental Organizations; effect of participative budgeting on performance of Non-Governmental Organizations; and effect of funds availability on performance of Non-Governmental Organizations. Chapter two gives theoretical review of the study by discussing capital budgeting theory, budgetary control theory and budget forecasting theoryand a conceptual study is introduced to inform and guide the study. Literature review and empirical review are also conducted. Chapter three discusses the study research methodology where descriptive survey study research design will be used. This study examined the role of budgetary control on the performance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Mombasa County. The research target population consisted of 115 Non-Governmental Organizations. Fifty two Non-Governmental Organizations were selected using stratified random sampling technique, both local and international organizations with operations in Mombasa County. A descriptive survey (questionnaires) was used in the data collection. The statistical package for social sciences version 21.0 was used to analyze the data using descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviation. The relationship between budgetary controls and performance of the NGOs was analyzed using correlation and regression analysis. The research findings established that there is a positive effect of budgetary control on performance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Kenya measured by R square at 0.776. Thus this study recommends other studies be undertaken that take into account other factors like the employee characteristics, NGO turnover and age of the organization on performance. It also recommends that a study should be carried out that underscores the contribution of these factors on financial performance since the current study limited to non-financial performance indicators only.