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Obesity has been pointed as a major issue plaguing in the World. Currently the Indian community has more of overweight / obese, people with excess body fat, abdominal adiposity, increased subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat, and deposition of fat in ectopic sites. Fat is still the number one nutritional concern for most people because the continuous consumption of fat may lead to certain major health disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension, some types of cancer, high blood cholesterol etc. Evidence suggests that lowering total energy intake along with a reduction in total fat intake can have a substantial impact on body weight and risk of chronic diseases. Thus, the fat replacers have opened the door for a new generation of reduced fat foods that have the taste and texture of the high fat foods that consumers enjoy, without unnecessary calories, cholesterol or fat. By considering the current issue prevailing in India, effort was taken to prepare a modified rice starch to replace fat in certain food products without affecting the taste, texture and flavor. Though 100 percent replacement of fat is impossible it is feasible to reduce the fat content to an acceptable level with the help of modified rice starch.

Earnings management is a kind of management which uses accounting techniques to meet the executives needs for earnings; it is a widely debated topic, hence it is worth looking at. Experts and professionals in this area found many approaches to detect the earnings management; within these approaches are the accrual-based models which include the modified Jones model, which currently is a favourite model to many researchers. The issue of earnings management has always been an anxiety for the reliability of published accounting reports. In emerging markets, like India due to their relatively weak legal enforcement capabilities, earnings management issue is more universally practiced. The objective of this study is to investigate whether Indian companies adopting international standards (i.e., International Financial Reporting Standards or IFRS) have higher earnings quality compared to non-adopting companies and are less likely to smooth earnings and engage in earnings management with an improvement of reporting quality. Our results clearly indicate that the firms adopting IFRS are unable to control the earnings management and thereby improve Earnings Quality in emerging market of India.

Cadmium and Nitrogen co-doped in Tin Oxide thin films CdxN0.1-x : SnO2 with different doped molar ratio (x = 0.01,0.03 and 0.05) have been fabricated by employing Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP) technique at the grown thicknesses ( 106.74, 67.46 and 71.82) nm, respectively. The structural, optical, morphological, and electrical properties of the fabricated films have been investigated . X-ray diffraction studies revealed a polycrystalline phase, predominantly, of CdxN0.1-x : SnO2 with (110) and (200) oriented films. The Hall effect measurement system depicted concentration a majority charges carriers (holes density ) and conductivity of the samples. The surface morphology have been observed of these films using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). This paper deals with structural , optical and electrical properties of the films grown at the temperature substrate 300C.

It is important to make structure safe and secure for inhabitants till its useful life. Being part of construction designing it becomes upmost important to design structure safe and stable. A complete structure consisting of various element like beam, column, foundation as well as slabs one such member slab commonly considered as plate has studied over here for the change in behaviour with respect to thickness. Initially a plate is analyse using classical cosine series expansion method manually, it results is check with computational model analysis so as to find out % error. As the error is in permissible limit so further analysis work is done computationally using STAAD-PRO V8i software for 7 cases with a thickness of 5mm to 250mm of plate. On the basis of analysis related to bending moment, shear stresses, deflections, principal stresses comparative observation tables are prepare. Result shows that in thin plate forces are carried in the form of principal stresses and deflections are high. While in thick plate moment and shear stresses are predominant but deflection is very less. This study shows where to concentrate while designing the plate for practical purpose.

The real sector of any economy is very critical to its growth and development and the beneficial effect of foreign private capital on a host country has remained an issue of discussion. The general notion is that it helps to accelerate growth and development in such a country impacting positively and significantly in those sectors they are channelled into. It is against this background that this paper empirically examined the impact of foreign private capital on three important subsectors of the Nigeria economy (Agriculture, Industry and Building and Construction) from 1987 to 2008. Findings from the study revealed that foreign private capital have not had a significant positive impact on the Nigerian economy vis-à-vis the agricultural, industrial and building and construction sectors and even when it existed, the impact had been non-significant. Therefore, the study recommends re-evaluations of government policies on foreign direct investment in Nigeria. This requires an appropriate mix of proactive government policies to direct foreign private capital inflows to priority sectors of the economy such as agriculture, industrial and building and construction as there are crucial to its sustained growth and development.

The topical route of administration is more effective route as compared to the oral route in the treatment of fungal infections of nail. The formulation objective was to provide a sustained release of antifungal drug over extended period of time, so as to reduce frequency of administration, improve clinical efficacy and improve patient compliance. The purpose of the present study was to formulate Fluconazole nail lacquer containing two different penetration enhancers, for the treatment of onychomycosis and to find out which concentration of penetration enhancers gave better release of the drug. The formulation showed good non-volatile content, gloss, smoothness of flow, drug release, drug content estimation and antifungal activity. The in-vitro studies were carried out in Franz diffusion cell using phosphate buffer(pH 7.4) as medium. Whereas the permeation studies were carried out using hooves membrane. The percentage cumulative drug released was determined by UV spectrophotometer. The formulation containing ethyl cellulose (10%w/v) and Thioglycolic acid(3%v/v) and Dimethyl sulfoxide(3%v/v)showed highest release of drug. FTIR studies revealed that drug and excipients are compatible. Stability studies was done as per ICH guidelines for 1 month, which revealed no significant change with respect to the evaluations conducted before stability charging. The sensitivity of Fluconazole against Candida albicans was determined by measuring zone of inhibition by comparing with the standard drug for onychomycosis treatment.

The Grüneisen parameter (Ý) is of considerable importance to Earth scientists because it sets limitations on the thermoelastic properties of the lower mantle and core. The Grüneisen parameter is directly related to the equation of state (EOS), yet it is often the case that both the form of ??and the EOS are chosen independently of each other and somewhat arbitrarily. In this paper the volume dependence of Gruneisen parameter has been calculated by using three different phenomenological isothermal EOS viz. Brennan Stacey EOS, Shanker EOS and Vinet EOS for five different bulk metallic glasses viz. Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5, Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni9Be22.5C1, Zr40Nb8Cu12Fe8Be24, (Zr0.59Ti0.06Cu0.22Ni0.13)85.7Al14.3 and Pd39Ni10Cu30P21. For calculation of Gruneisen parameter we have consider Barton – Stacey relation.On analysis of of result thus obtained shows that Shanker EOS is best EOS for calculating Gruneisen parameter both under high as well as low compression ranges.

Teachers’ professional training and socialization was strict and disciplined already at the beginning of the 19th century in Finland. A teacher’s job was not just to teach in the classroom; the requirements insisted that after the school day the teachers continued their work by offering activities to the villagers. The purpose of this research is to show how the prospective teachers of the Finnish early primary school were socialized for this demanding job in the college of Tornio. The teacher college of Tornio was founded in 1921 and its purpose was to educate women from northern Finland. This research answers the following questions: 1) What kind of free time activities did the teaching staff offer for the teacher students? 2) What kind of behavioral expectations were leveled at the students’ free time activities? This research is mainly based on the archive sources, which were carefully studied using the pedagogical history method. The ideals and values of the Finnish culture have always reverberated to teacher education.

The notion of idiosyncrasy evolves around an author’s style of expressing concepts and ideas. Scrutinizing the idiosyncratic thoughts and concepts is indeed a significant consideration of analysing a work of art and literature. Every writer shows his or her uniqueness through the style he or she adapts while using a particular language which is common to many writers. Authors strive to imprint their identity through this style. For this, they try to exploit the common properties of the language and reshape it to suit their purpose. Golding’s Lord of the Flies is a novel (fable) where a variety of linguistic features are deployed in a significant way to suit the purpose of the text. It bears witness to the varied styles of Golding’s idiosyncrasy.

Human resources nowadays is one of the key factors in the issues raised from information security. Consequently, there has been a shift in information security from mere concentration on technology to human resources. An effective issue in this field is security culture which is influenced by several factors. The main purpose of the present study is to survey the relationship between knowledge management and security culture in Iran Telecommunication Center. Sample group size was determined using Morgan Jersey’s Table (n = 114). Furthermore, a questionnaire was used for data gathering. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was determined using content validity and Cronbach Alpha respectively. The relationship between security culture and knowledge management was examined by path analysis in AMOS. The results confirmed significant relationship among generation, utilization, and dissemination of knowledge and relationship between security behavior and information security culture.