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The aerobic treatment is considered one of the most efficient methods for treating several types of effluents. This is due to its scope for treating high rate of simply biodegradable matters and wastewater. Several researches have been widely conducted in order to enhance the performance of the aerobic process. The up flow aerobic sludge blanket (UASB) technology was considered as the most popular method in which the highest rate of organic materials can be removed. Nonetheless, the long start up interval of UASB reactor requires more understanding of the biological process inside the reactor. A pilot scale study was set up to investigate the principle design parameters of up flow aerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors for treating waste water of small communities in the tropical regions of India. A steel pipe with a diameter of 7cm and a height of 65cm was used as the reactor in which a digestion and a three phase separator element have a volume of 2.157*10^3 respectively. During this study, which lasted for 70 days, two distinct phases were carried out according to the ambient temperature. The temperature of the waste water entering the reactor was naturally ranged from 260c to 300c and no heat exchanger was used. The hydraulic retention time including 2,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 & 8 hours with various loading rates of 56 to 197 mg of COD/lit/day were examined. On the basis of the results in optimal hydraulic retention time and organic loading rate BOD5, COD and TSS was removed respectively.

Intra-orbital foreign corps is relatively rare cause of consultation in neurosurgical and ophthalmologic emergencies. Anatomical contiguity between the orbit and the middle cranial fossa is the reason why a neurosurgical approach could be necessary, for the extraction of a foreign body. This case report is about a06 years old girl, admitted to ophthalmologic emergencies, for intra-orbital foreign body, through a wound located at the inner corner of the left eye. The extraction, of a pencil of 06 cm, has been carried out jointly by neurosurgeons and ophthalmologists by a sub-conjonctival approach. The medium-term follow up is 12 months, a surgical wound healed, but no functional recovery of vision or eye movement. Foreign intra-orbital corps are rare in neuro-ophtalmological emergencies, require vigilance in clinical diagnosis as they may go unnoticed. Adequate imaging, and relevant therapeutic approach aimed at “surgical” extraction, are necessary, because, foreign corps are exposed to the infection, panophtalmitis, brain abscess, or even very serious complications).

Recent research has shown that the role of food has gone beyond serving as fuel, providing energy needed to perform daily functions, and to maintain the normal metabolic process, but it now provides an opportunity to improve health, reduce the risk of chronic disease and reduce health care cost. Such foods are known as Functional Foods; they provide more than simple nutrition by supplying additional physiological benefits and promoting health to the consumer. In the past decades, the traditional process of isolating bioactive compounds from food is usually very long, tedious and slow , which takes years before tangible results are obtained. The advent of bioinformatics has helped researchers to improve on the purity, yield, time and cost of their search especially in the drug industry but unfortunately not in the food industry, due to lack of specific bioinformatics coded mining tools. A combination of experimental mining and an integrated computational bioinformatics database approach is herein illustrated for the mining of novel bioactive peptides from functional foods.

In case when the the partial pressure of oxygen above its minimum value, it is revealed that the consumption rate of o-xylene is represented by the equation half order with respect to the substrate as well as given the kinetic equation for the rate of accumulation of products of the ammoxidation of xylene on V-Sb-Bi-Cr / ?-Al2O3-oxide catalyst. The kinetic model of process describing the rate of reaction products formation and consumption of reaction products is developed as a result. Constants of the model are calculated.

Report demonstrates pulse laser dependence CdS thin films thickness variation and properties. Variable thickness properties like; surface morphology, cross sectional view, EDS with elemental mapping, AFM surface roughness parameter, Raman spectrum, photoluminescence, UV-Visible range FT-IR, I-V and R-V characteristics is discussed. It has been noticed with increasing laser pulses thickness, structure, surface morphology, Raman spectra, FT-IR band, I-V and R-V characteristics are changed. With the increasing number of laser pulses, the increase in surface roughness parameter, shift in FT-IR band tail toward the lower wave number side and higher current growth with lower resistance is observed for the thicker films.

Table of contents for the month of December 2018

As air traffic is rapidly growing in the ASEAN region, it is essential to undertake proper planning and measures to modernize or improve current ATM operations in order to accommodate future traffic. One operational concept that may be of interest to the ASEAN region is the Direct Route Environment within ASEAN airspace to facilitate shorter flight routes for increased capacity, efficiency and safety. In this study, a Direct Route Environment was modelled within Singapore?s Flight Information Region which is within the ASEAN airspace. The direct route operations were modeled and simulated by assigning optimum flight profile under normal wind and weather conditions. The conflict patterns and aircraft performance output were then compared between current and direct route operations, with the latter showing considerable economic, safety and environmental benefits over the former.

The use of environmental models requires a mathematical turn of mind. Amongst the models that have been tested in various ecosystem and cropping system namely: CENTURY 4.0, RothC, CERES, NCSOIL, SUNDAIL and STICS; the CENTURY 4.0 have been extensively modified and configured especially for carbon and nitrogen cycling. This work presents the step by step process especially in amending the FERT.100 file, weather and management information, parametisation and events scheduling and running to equilibrium. It will be relevant to beginners who would like to test the model in their region.

The four quadrant analog multiplier proposed by Rathor and Bhattacharya is reanalysed and modified in a different way for simple and low cost multiplication applications without using any reference waveforms. Verification of the feasibility of the circuit configuration is established by way of test results.

Measuring of soil moisture level is important for many hydrological, biological and biogeochemical processes. Using of neutron meter equipment to measure soil moisture is limited close to the soil surface due to the escaping of neutrons which known as surface effect. In present work, the dimension of a cylindrical paraffin cylinder has been evaluated to correct the surface effect in order to use neutron moisture meter close to the soil surface by MCNPX code. The result show a cylindrical paraffin cylinder with 16 cm radius and 4.8, 5, 5.3, 5.6, 6 cm thickness can correct the surface effect well for 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50 g/g soil moisture, respectively. As well as, the paraffin cylinder is a good shield to reduce the radiation dose.