Social Sciences

The study of impact of Distance Education (DE) expanding access and providing quality tertiary education in Ghana has become eminent in the midst of large number of students enrolled in DE institutions. . This paper reviews DE literature with focus on the development of DE in Ghana between 1982 to date. In the context of statistics reviewed from the NCTE, DE is seemingly observed as serving the purpose of access without recourse to quality. The paper draws on the weaknesses and strengths of “access” and “quality” and how each complements the other to ensure effective impact.

In recent years, the human body as an important topic in contemporary sociology has been studied. Therefore, the body is very important and has attracted the attention of many researchers. One of the issues raised in this area, is today in body management among youth (boys and girls) are quite common and popular because of body management, through actions and behavior like choosing clothes, coat appearance, body configuration, type hobbies, sports, diet and ... Are expressed. Given the importance of the management body of the youth in the present study sought to examine social factors affecting the management body of the young people were in Yasuj. In our population of young people 15 to 29 years is in Yasuj and a sample of 353 people were selected for the study sample. To examine the relationship between body by the same token, religious, cultural, economic status, and age as independent variables and the dependent variable pay as a management body. The results indicate a significant relationship between the independent and dependent variables in research.

The term alienation which Raymond Williams calls it as one of the most difficult vocabulary words, and as one of the main concepts in sociology, psychology and social psychology have been introduced, Is widely used in social science to explain the forms and types of actions and reactions to events, facts, psychological and social pressures and is hardly associated with people’s life. Regarding to the importance of the topic in this research by using field method, techniques and survey questionnaire sought answers to this question” what are the social factors affecting student alienation?” The study sample is Guilan-e-Gharb PNU students which about 382 persons of them have been surveyed as the sample of the study. In order to answer the main question of this study, the relationship between variables such as social trust, social participation, social cohesion, devoutness and economic-social base as independent variables and its relationship with the students' alienation as the dependent variable was analyzed. The results indicate that among all the independent variables with the dependent variable, there was a direct and significant relationship. The relationship of these variables is moderate.

Access to resources is one of the elements of women empowerment and a base for the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals. The study examined the access of rural women to productive resources in Nassarawa Eggon Area, Nasarawa State. Data were collected from 100 women farmers that were purposively selected from five districts in the study area. Descriptive statistics and Likert scale were utilized to analyze the data. The findings indicated that 60% of the rural women farmers were between the age of 36 and 40 years, 62% of the respondents were married whereas 31% and 7% were single and widowed, respectively. About 43% of the respondents had primary education, whereas 62% had farming experience of between 1 to 10 years. Furthermore, 54% of the respondents had farm sizes of less than 1 to 2 hectares. The major income generating activities of the respondents are crop production, livestock production and tailoring. The respondents had better access to land (mean = 3.00), seed (mean = 2.95) and labour (mean = 2.86). However, access to rural institutions and capital were limited. The constraints faced by the respondent were high cost of inputs and inadequate access to credit facilities. It was recommended that rural women should be given the opportunity to have access and control over productive resource in the rural area through public enlightment, extension services and access to capital.

Studies worldwide have revealed that economic factors do affect academic performance of pupils. In Matete Sub County, the performance of pupils at KCPE has been declining from the year 2012-2015, with a mean of 248. What was unknown the extent to which economic factors affect the academic performance of primary school pupils in public primary schools in Matete sub-county. The objective of the study was to establish extent to which economic factors affect academic performance of pupils in Matete sub-county, Kenya. A conceptual framework was used to show the relationships between the dependent variable and independent variables. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The study population comprised of 49 head teachers, 49 senior teachers, 75 standard eight class teachers, 1759 class eight pupils, and 1 Sub County Quality Assurance Officer. The study sampled 44 head teachers, 44 senior teachers and one sub-county Quality Assurance Officer who were selected through saturated sampling technique. Sixty-three class eight teachers were selected through simple random sampling technique. It also comprised 525 Standard 8 pupils, who were selected through stratified sampling technique. Instruments for data collection were questionnaire, interview schedules, focus group discussions and document analysis guide. Face validity of the instruments was ascertained by experts in educational administration. Pilot study was carried out among 15 pupils, 5 head teachers, and 5 senior teachers. A Cronbach’s coefficient alpha of 0.7 was found; hence the instruments were reliable. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The qualitative data was transcribed and categorized on an on-going process as themes and sub themes emerge. The study showed that economic factors were rated at 3.81, hence, affect performance. The study provides the educational stakeholders with hints on the extent the economic factors affected the academic performance of pupils, hence should be given attention accordingly.

It can be noted that music is a product born of mankind. Music has emerged wherever he stepped. There are few places in the social conditions of the modern world that music is not there and the less time occurs that music has no effect. By this definition, a similar definition can be argued that the social function of music is undoubted. In so doing of social music, music- sociology as an incipient science examined the relationship between society and music to survey the relationship between music and sociology and vice versa. The evolutionary history of science suggests that sociology of music is born of musical knowledge and culture discussions. In this paper by using descriptive- library method and credit documents as a tool to check is to evaluate what is the sociology of music. What this paper has been to study the sociology of music: introducing subjects such as nature of art, history of music, defining sociology of music, goals of sociology of music and surveying of the next generation of research on the sociology of music.

The purpose of this study was to examine the current state of intentions regarding regular health examinations among older adults and to identify the factors influencing these intentions. The study participants were individuals over 65 years old in Keelung City. Data were collected through self-designed structured questionnaires and individual interviews conducted by questionnaire interviewers. T-tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson product-moment correlation were used to analyze the current state and influencing factors of the intention to undergo periodic health examinations. The study subjects were individuals over 65 years old in Keelung City. The analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the intention to undergo regular health examinations based on sex (t=2.32, P<.02). Education level also showed a significant effect (F = 4.150, P < .001), with higher education levels associated with a greater intention to undergo periodic health examinations compared to those who were illiterate. Marital status significantly influenced the intention for periodic health check-ups (F=3.22, P< .05). Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference related to economic status. The study found that greater access to health information was associated with a stronger intention to undergo regular health examinations among the subjects. Therefore, promoting health information about regular health examinations is crucial for the elderly in the community.

Modern shipping, with increased number of vessels, faster, more sophisticated, expensive, specialized, complex operation, governed by comprehensive rules and regulations as per national and international authorities, is a vital industry carrying 90% of world trade. Although modern technology and modern navigation equipments contributed more efficient marine transportation than before but injury and fatality statics indicate that shipping remains a high risk industry. This study outlines the classification, types and commonly prevalent errors in shipping operations. Study concludes that qualification, training and development of crew members as one of the key concerns in the effort to achieve higher safety standards aboard ship.

One of the striking aspects of community development community stability is Feeling of security. Public safety requires the establishment of a society in which there exist the minimal structural elements such as social justice, provision of social justice, employment, freedom and sovereignty of people and their full participation, distribution of knowledge and information in society, social disorder, use of resources, scholars and social adjustment. The present study, by using field study and survey techniques, is to answer this question; what are the most important factors affecting the Feeling of security in cities? In the study population, 400 individuals of all the citizens of Bandar Abbas city who are more than 20 years old have been studied. The findings suggest that the Feeling of security among the residents of Bandar Abbas is fairly. There is a significant correlation between the Feeling of security with the variables of the city space, various internal and external mass media, economic-social bases and gender.

The performance of pupils at the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education in public schools in Kenya remains a challenge since the number of pupils performing poorly is still high. In Matete Sub County, the performance of pupils at KCPE has been declining from the year 2012-2015, with a mean of 2.48. Therefore, the objective of the study was to find out the extent to which government policies affect the academic performance of primary school learners in Matete sub county, Kakamega county. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The study population comprised of 49 head teachers, 49 senior teachers, 75 standard eight class teachers, 1759 class eight pupils, and 1 Sub County Quality Assurance Officer. The study sampled 44 head teachers, 44 senior teachers and one sub-county Quality Assurance Officer who were selected through saturated sampling technique. Sixty-three class eight teachers were selected through simple random sampling technique. It also comprised 525 standards 8 pupils, who were selected through stratified sampling technique. Instruments for data collection were questionnaire, interview schedules, focus group discussions and document analysis guide. Face validity of the instruments was ascertained by experts in educational administration. Pilot study was carried out among 15 pupils, 5 head teachers, and 5 senior teachers. A Cronbach’s coefficient alpha of 0.7 was found; hence the instruments were reliable. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The qualitative data was transcribed and categorized on an on-going process as themes and sub themes emerge. The study showed that Government policies moderately affect academic performance with a mean of 3.39. Staffing policy as one of the government policy profoundly affected KCPE performance with a mean of 4.39.