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We are very happy to announce that from 20th January 2011, Dr. M.E.Rajasaravanan has joined the team of Elixir Editorial Advisory Board. He will carry a special responsibility for dealing with manuscripts based on the Ultra Sonics & Polymer. M.E.Rajasaravanan is currently working in Department of Physics, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem- 636 007, Tamilnadu, India. The appointment of M.E.Rajasaravanan as member Editorial Advisory Board strengthens the links and will make it easier for prospective authors to establish contact with the journal. Please send any expressions of interest to chiefeditor@elixirjournal.org.
Sincerely
Editor-in-Chief

This paper deal with the ecology of anopheline mosquitoes in Tehsil Sironj and Lateri of district Vidisha. Mosquito sampling took place surface water in the tah. Sironj stream were collected at 2- week intervals during August 2007 to July 2008. During the survey, it was noticed that permanent breeding ground such as ditches, cesspool, sewas, ponds and dam where same breeding ground where mosquito species laele there x qulex and aides mosquito breeds in polluted water all transmission water where they can with strand desiccation it was also noted that varies mosquito species used the same water bodies over a period of time.

This paper describes an experimental investigation to clarify flexural cracking behavior of reinforced concrete beams. The effects of thickness of concrete cover of tension reinforcement on the crack width were carefully investigated. It was found that flexural crack width proportionally increases with increase in thickness of concrete cover. To control these crack widths and to enhance durability, different codes prescribes limiting crack width based on environment in which the structure exists. The latest revision of the Indian code stresses the importance of durability and has introduced formulae to calculate the crack widths. A simple formula involving the clear cover and calculated stress in reinforcement at service load has been included in latest revision of ACI code. A total six under reinforced beams with varying concrete cover (25 mm and 30mm) were fabricated and tested. Data presented include the deflection characteristics and cracking behavior. The experiment results compare reasonably well with the current codes of practice. It was observed that a beam with less concrete cove (25mm) reduces the flexural crack width.

Purpose: the purpose of this study was Study of effectiveness social skills training on addiction potential reduction in boy’s student of Ahvaz high school. Method: The sample consists of All high school boy’s students in Ahvaz who had scored one standard deviation above the mean in the zargari addiction potential questionnaire and among them 40 students were selected randomly then assigned to two groups randomly (Experimental group and Control group). 8 sessions therapy were implemented for experimental group. In these sessions, social skills, such as assertiveness skills, anger control, and how to communicate with others in the experimental group were instructed but the control group received no intervention. Evaluation device was zargari addiction potential questionnaire.

The internal controls had been an important part if business operations ever since economic activities became large scale to prevent company losses through errors, theft and embezzlement. Internal control are designed to detect fraud before its too late. The general objective of this study would be to determine the effects of internal control systems on fraud detection in Somali commercial banks. Also this study would use a sample of five commercial banks in Mogadishu, namely, Salaam Somali Bank, Dahabshil Bank, Trust African Bank, International Bank of Somalia and premier Bank. Specifically, this study would be evaluating the effects of establishment of responsibilities, segregation of duties, documentation procedures and physical controls on fraud detection in Somali commercial banks. Also this study would use the framework established by the Committee of Sponsoring Organisations of the Treadway Commision known shortly as COSO Framework. The study would adopt a descriptive study design in data collection. The target population of this study would be 240 people located at headquarters of the commercial banks. This study would use the stratified random sampling technique. The data collection procedure of this study was through hand picking. The study would use quantitative data collection method whereby data will be gathering by the use of close ended questionnaires which were self administrated. The study would make use of the statistical Package for Social Science (version 20) with hand printed worksheets and Microsoft Excel 2007. To analyse the data regression model would be applied and statistical inference would be made from the output of this procedure. The major findings of this study was that there was a positive relationship between establishment of responsibilities, segregation of duties, documentation process and physical controls and fraud detection of the Commercial Banks in Somalia. The study further recommend the need for the Commercial Banks in Somalia to increase their establishment of responsibility, segregation of duties, documentation procedures, physical controls as it was founded that those variables had positively affects the fraud detection of Commercial Banks in Somalia.

Ziziphus Spina Christi Extract (ZSCE) was tested as corrosion inhibitor for aluminum in 0.5 M HCl using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) measurements. Surface morphology was tested using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of Al in 0.5 M HCl with and without different concentrations of plant extract was studied at temperatures of 298 and 318 K. Inhibition efficiency of 85.7% was achieved with 500 ppm ZSCE at 298 K. It is evident from the results obtained that ZSCE inhibits the corrosion in 0.5 M HCl through adsorption process following Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The inhibition efficiency increased with increase in extract concentration but decreased with raising temperatures. The mixed mode of action exhibited by the extract was confirmed by the polarization studies while SEM analysis substantiated the formation of protective layer over the Al surface. The values of inhibition efficiency obtained from different techniques are in good agreement.

Numerous laboratory studies report carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and engines operating with biodiesel and biodiesel blends. This paper presents a field study of multicylinder passenger bus (Ashok Leyland make) operated between Villupuram and Salem, Tamilnadu (170 Km), India using Jatropha methyl ester (JME) with different blend proportions as fuel. The total emissions of air pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM) and hydrocarbon (HC) are evaluated during the operation of bus with constant speed (60 Km +5km). Among these different proportion of blends, Jatropha methyl ester (JME20) as an alternative to the conventional fuel in the public transport considerably reduced exhaust emission.

Visual Secret sharing (VSS) suffer from secret transmission risk as the shares in VSS appear as meaningful image or noise like image. In order to overcome such problem a new Natural image based Visual Secret Sharing (NVSS) scheme was presented. Using NVSS scheme one can distribute a secret image using n-1 natural images and one noise image. It does not modify the contents of natural images. The encryption phase extracts features of every natural image. The secret image is converted to a share by performing computations on secret image and feature extracted from natural images. On the other hand the secret image is retrieved by performing computations on the share and the feature extracted from natural images. This scheme can be used to decrease the risk of transmission and also resolve the management problems. In our proposed system steganography is included to NVSS scheme to securely transfer data by hiding it behind the secret image. To increase the security further this secret data is encrypted before performing steganography. Hence the secret data is in encrypted format. This secret image is then converted into share which is finally embedded in cover image. This proposed scheme is able to share black and white, grey level or color images secretly. Also this scheme is easy to implement.

An in vitro investigation was carried out to explore the production of cellulase and xylanase enzyme in the basidiocarp of Pleurotus spp .The result of the study revealed that exo ?-1,4 glucanase and ?-glucosidase activities were highly pronounced in Pleurotus ostreatus (0.87 and 1.29 Umg-1 enzyme protein) than Pleurotus cornucopiae (0.38 and 0.71 Umg-1enzyme protein). Endo ? 1,4, glucanase was expressed maximally (1.56 Umg-1 enzyme protein) in P.cornucopiae than in P.ostreatus (1.28 Umg-1 enzyme protein). Xylanase activity was registered at a higher level of 0.058 Umg-1 enzyme protein in P.ostreatus than in P.cornucopiae (0.037 I Umg-1 enzyme protein)

One of the major problems in using subsurface drain is pipe and envelope clogging by mineral materials. Such a process is the result of disturbances of soil structure during drain installation. Drain filter selection follows definite rules and neglecting them can result in project failure. Current study is based on evaluation of three kinds of synthetic filters in comparison with mineral filters. Two soil samples of northern Khorram Shahr (1.65m deep) were obtained for the study. Physical and chemical analysis on samples showed they do not have major differences in texture and particle size distribution (PSD). Original recommendations based on previous studies on synthetic filters in terms of PSD curve and soil texture was to use PP700 type. Two other types were also chosen as the upper and lower boundaries of the main choice. The performance of three types of filters (PP450, PP700 and PP900) was assessed in terms of clogging potential using ASTM-5101standard test. In addition, mineral blanket was designed according to the USBR criteria. Experiment was conducted in three treatments and completely on random. The test was conducted in laboratory, using physical model for infiltration (according to the ASTM D-5101 standard) and by creating four different hydraulic pressure head (25, 50, 75 and 100cm). In the study, changes in outflow from soil-geotextile system, hydraulic conductivity, gradient ratio and hydraulic conductivity ratio were analyzed for four filters. The results showed that 1) in terms of the gradient ratio, none of the filters were found sensitive to clogging, 2) outflow from mineral filter was 2 to 3 times greater than for geotextiles, 3) the hydraulic conductivity ratio of mineral filter for PP450, PP700 and PP900 geotextile filters were 3.47, 4.17 and 5.57 respectively, and 4) comparing outflow and hydraulic conductivity variations, geotextile filter of PP450 type was found the best. According to the optimization results, for PP450, optimum values for decision variables at different hydraulic heads (H) and drain outflows (Q) were equal to 47 cm and 0.166 cm3/s and for PP700 were 114 cm and 0.183 cm3/s. These values were equal to 94 cm and 0.198 cm3/s for model PP900 and 237 cm and 0.298 cm3/s for gravel filter, respectively.