Social Sciences

Service learning is a method of teaching where students apply their academic skills and knowledge to address real-life needs in their own communities. Service learning is a pedagogical strategy that facilitates a student's growth in academics, social maturity, critical thinking, and communication, collaboration, and leadership skills. This educational opportunity possesses enormous potential to move higher education in the direction of civic involvement by taking the classroom into the community. Student experienced stronger positive effects on critical thinking, degree plans, sense of control over their own academic success, and preference for higher-order cognitive tasks

Abstract Cost efficiency is important as far as the performance of an organisation is concerned. Cost efficiency helps an organisation to maximise output from a given set of inputs and use these inputs in optimal proportions. Consequently, there will be an increase in return on assets and equity and hence profitability of the organisation. However, cost efficiency seems to be low in many primary schools in Uganda. Some schools have suffered insolvency, while others have stagnated, been sold and collapsed. This paper derived from a PhD proposal suggests a framework for studying factors relating to cost efficiency in private primary schools. The study presents the introduction, theories, the statement of the problem, objectives, significance, conceptual framework, related literature and the corresponding hypotheses to be tested. It also suggests the methodology that will be used by the study. The PhD monograph and future articles that will be generated from the proposed study will provide the findings, conclusions and recommendations.

The tribal populations are is recognised as socially and economically vulnerable. Their lifestyles and food habits are different from that of their rural neighbours. They depend on minor forest produce and manual labour for livelihood. They may not have adequate income. Their food consumption pattern is dependent on the vagaries of nature and varies from extreme deprivation (in the lean seasons) to high intakes (in the post-harvest period). This leads to the health and nutrition problems. The health and nutrition problems of the vast tribal population of India are as varied as the tribal groups themselves who present a bewildering diversity and variety in their socio-economic, socio-cultural and ecological settings. The objective of the present paper is to examine health and nutritional status of the tribal population in India. The collected data reveals that Primitive tribal groups of India have special health problems and genetic abnormalities. The malnutrition is high among the tribal population. The tropical disease like malaria is still widespread in the tribal areas. The tribal population has a much lower Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) as compared to the scheduled castes but moderately higher than the other population. No specific precautions are observed at the time of conducting deliveries which resulted in an increased susceptibility to various infections. Services of paramedical staff are secured only in difficult labour cases. Vaccination and immunization of Infants and children have been inadequate among tribal groups. In addition, extremes of magico-religious beliefs and taboos tend to aggravate the problems. Lack of medical facility is another problem for them. Hygiene problem is very common in rural as well as in tribal areas. Hence proper methods should be developed to tackle the problems.

A single speaker will use different linguistic forms on different occasions, and different speakers of a language will express the same meanings using different forms. Speakers of a language make choices in pronunciation, morphology, vocabulary, and grammar depending on a number of non-linguistic factors: the speaker’s purpose in communication, and some other non-linguistic features that cannot be used intentionally: age, and sex. If one person utters the sentence ‘John is a farmer’ and another says the same thing except pronounces the word farmer as ‘fahmuh,’ then the difference is one of accent. But if one person says something like ‘You should not do that’ and another says ‘Ya hadn’t oughta do that,’ then this is a dialect difference because the variation is greater. A dialect is variation in grammar and vocabulary in addition to sound variations. There are occupational dialects (the word bugs means something quite different to a computer programmer and an exterminator), sexual dialects (women are far more likely than men to call a new house adorable), and educational dialects (the more education people have, the less likely they are to use double negatives). There are dialects of age (teenagers have their own slang, and even the phonology of older speakers is likely to differ from that of young speakers in the same geographical region) and dialects of social context (we do not talk the same way to our intimate friends as we do to new acquaintances, to the paperboy, or to our employer). There is a relationship between linguistic and non-linguistic variations. Understanding this relationship can help language learners to express themselves more appropriately. Such an understanding is an asset without which they run the risk of exposing themselves to being laughed at. This paper focuses on enabling learners of the English language to participate successfully in social and linguistic interaction through developing their communicative competence or through discovering how various aspects of the non-linguistic context influence the nature of linguistic communication.

The present study was conducted in rural Mangalore taluk of Daskhina Kannada district of Karnataka state to explore the pattern of social support system and life satisfaction elders and to seek the scope for social work intervention in this case. A simple random sample of 60 elders was covered from the study area. The data were collected through pretested semi-structured questionnaires and data were analyzed by using percentages and proportions. Out of 60 respondents, 45(75%) elders were married and living with their family members. The Family members were quoted as most important social support network factors for life satisfaction in the case of 48(80%). It was found that 42 (70%) respondents were not anxious about the future, since the respondents are economically sustainable and position in the family is comparatively good.

It is well proved that youth have very special role in any countries development. India has the largest youth population and if we look on the past youth plays a very important role in Indian freedom fights and right from then it was well recognized that the youth power is very essential in the development of India and to make our country a better place to live. In Indian history we can take the example of Swami Vivekananda a youth icon. He taught us what a young should must have and values of life. Similarly Bhagat Singh who was the youngest freedom fighter who sacrifices his life for the freedom of our motherland. Apart from these many more inspiring actions are there which is done by the youth of India.

The study has been conducted to see if Advertising in News papers influence the news content of newspaper and if newspapers can publish content against thier advertisers, incase of them being involved in any controversy. The research included respondents in the form of a focus group of 20 media practitioners from Islamabad. The ages of the respondants were between 25 to 35. The data was collected through an open ended questionnaire and decoded manully to learn about the topic. The data interpreted proved the assumptions positive which said that the newspaper has to compromise its credibilty to keep the advertisers happy. It also learnt that the newspapers will not publish any content against thier advertisers.

Maritime industry provide the basis for the growth and development of marine-related activities such as: ocean and coastal shipping, port services, offshore oil and gas, inshore and offshore fisheries, marine culture, renewal energy (current, wave, wind), naval defence and other marine related activities that need competence human capital enrolment to manage, explore and exploit this resources in a sustainable manner. Maritime education provides competence, highly skill and professional worker mainly in the shipping and port sector. Even though the maritime industry is dynamically changing their environment (Facilities, technology and system), the present maritime educations are of traditional manner with limited capacity of maritime facilities such as ports and ships. Until now, not much on training work has been done at rationalising the number and optimizing the facilities in the maritime education due to the escalating of the cost to maintain these facilities. Therefore the aims of this paper are to determine the rationale to develop an offshore integrated teaching port as a new approach for the maritime education system. The system via simulation approach is a tool for teaching maritime students how to be a professional and ready to work on a real ship or port environment. This approach will offer alternatives to an audience or maritime students hungry for fresh thinking in the maritime studies with a fresh training angle. In this paper we will mimicry as closely as possible on real port environment, duplicating everything in the real port operation towards an innovative approach in the Maritime Education and to determine the rationale of designing offshore Teaching Port.

Publication has its own importance for professionals. It is better to examine and encourage the young scholars. This article examines the perceptions of the professional faculty regarding the difficulty in publication in the field of finance, marketing, human resources management. Data was collected from Rawalpindi/Islamabad professionals. In this study descriptive tools used to analyzed the data. There was mixed response regarding the publication in Journals. It is also observed that institution tend more credit to the co authorship.

Almost all of us received our income either in the form of salary or profit through business activities. However we must always bear in mind that we cannot work or conduct our business activity for our entire life and there will be a point where we have to stop or retire. Thus it is very important for us to have a proper financial planning. Financial planning is most commonly associated with the main goal of achieving financial freedom which is achievable with a proper investment planning. Some people thought saving and investing are the same things. Nevertheless, each requires a different approach and a different way of judgment and consideration. Saving is usually associated with low risk, low return and sometimes a short term goal. Saving is simply putting aside some of our disposable income for a temporary period of time prior to achieving actual long term goal setting. Saving is a conservative outlay approach, taking very little risk with our money. A bank account or cash management trust is usually sufficient to reach the savings goal.