Finance

Many deserving students dream of higher education, but only a few are able to arrange the necessary funds to support it. Sometimes students have to struggle for funds so that they can get the taste of higher education and build their futures. Much needed help has come in the form of student loans. The paper covers many issues relating to HE finance from students’ view point. They are the real beneficiaries of education finance schemes promoted by Government of India (GOI) in coordination with banking sector. In current study efforts have been made to analyze whether or not there exists a significant difference between average attitudes of two groups of students’ towards education loan for professional courses. The research results show that attitude towards education loan between two groups though positive but group of passed out students feel under pressure, financially as well as psychologically.

This paper focuses attention on specific aspects of entrepreneurial decisions relating to investment, both in the total fixed investments and plant & machinery (separately). Demand and financial factors, internal and external, are considered in the investment analysis. Finally the influence of determinants of fixed investment and investment plans are examined in General Engineering industry in India.

The paper focuses on review of Pakistan economy in order to evaluate the performance of the economy to identify leading economic problems of Pakistan. It discusses various macro economic problems indulging micro economic problems while highlighting the origin of these problems. It contributes in understanding of various concepts of macro economic parameters with respect to the economy and developing the interlink between these concepts. The analysis achieved the conclusion that Pakistan is currently facing adverse economic problems that need to be rectified with systematic mechanism in order to retrieve the identity of Pakistan that had been achieved with innumerable sacrifices.

Exchange rate policies associated with developmental programs of the past 28 years have led to the transformation of the agricultural export sector in many ways in Ghana. This study examines the effect of the exchange rate on pineapple export, one marked example of an increase in agricultural export for the European market. Based on a priori economic and statistical considerations, a logarithmic Cobb-Douglas functional model was used which applies annual time series data from 1980 to 2004 to estimate the export of pineapple as a function of real exchange rate, income of trading partner, competing price of pineapple of Cote d’Ivoire, and the local producer price of pineapple. The study shows that the real exchange rate has an effect on the pineapple export of the country, especially in the long run confirming the devaluations over the period of 1980 – 2004 with its concomitant increase in pineapple export. The study ended suggesting that authorities adhere to the fundamentals of the real exchange rate to be able to improve the performance of the exports, but this action must be consistent with other fiscal policies in order to attain balance of payment equilibrium.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the risk management behaviour of selected commercial banks in Malaysia based on their stock performance in term of Average Daily Return (ADR) and Value at Risk (VaR). VaR is measured using Historical Simulation Model. We present results of ADR and VaR at 99% confidence interval, on one-day horizon from year 2003-2010, for the following stock index of eight commercial banks in Malaysia: RHB; Maybank; CIMB; Affin; Alliance; Ambank; Hong Leong and Public Bank. The ADR and VaR of each commercial bank in Malaysia are measured and compared to identify their risk behaviours. The risk management behaviour of commercial banks in Malaysia can be categorised into three categories: conservative; moderate; and aggressive. Our results show that the risk management behaviour of one bank is considered conservative, three banks are considered moderate and four banks are considered aggressive. This may give suggestions to the investors which bank/banks to invest in.

The company is operating in a society; it cannot stay away from the social issues. The society provides both customers and resources to fulfil the business objectives of the corporate companies. So, companies should serve for society by fulfilling corporate social responsibility. Our business doesn't exist in isolation nor is it simply a way of making money. Our employees depend on our business. Customers, suppliers and the local community are all affected by our business and what we do. Our products, and the way we make them, also have an impact on the environment.

This study investigates empirically the effect of investment decision on financing decision. To obtain the objectives, the data required, ranging from 2004 through 2013 were collected from the financial statements of all the banking firms listed in Karachi Stock exchange. Investment opportunity and actual investment were used as proxies of investment decision. Profitability and firm size were used as control variables. Multiple regression models were used to estimate the variables of interest. It was concluded that investment opportunity had significant effect on financing decision; however, the effects have no particular pattern. Furthermore, actual investment had no impact on financing decision.

The purpose of this paper is to assess the internal auditing practices on the financial performance of Tehran Stock Exchangelisted companies and to consider the effect of a contextual factor-Political influence on this relationship. While much empirical works have given diverse reasons for the poor financial performance of TSEs, research evidence of the impact of internal auditing practices on the financial performance of TSEs in the Iran context is scanty.The study found no strong associationbetween internal auditing practices and financial performanceof TSEs and those political influences do not significantlyimpact this relationship. The weak association betweeninternal auditing practice sand financial performances isattributed to these enterprises’ inadequacy and poorimplementation of internal auditing practices. Where internalauditing is de-emphasized it cannot impact positivelyonperformance.

Evidence from literature suggests that despite the fact that women are key players in entrepreneurial activities and make significant contributions in the economic development of many nations around the world, non-availability of long-term finance and long procedures to access financial help have been identified as major constraints faced by women entrepreneurs. Cooperatives societies has been identified as veritable instruments which provide business finance for the growth and development of women enterprises .Therefore this study evaluated the impact of cooperative societies on the performance of women entrepreneurs in Lagos State, Nigeria. Data were sought through structured questionnaires and analysed using tables, frequencies, percentages, charts while chi square was used to test the study hypothesis. The findings of the study revealed that though cooperatives are accessible to majority of the women entrepreneurs, the amount of loans obtainable from cooperatives were inadequate for the entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the chi square analysis showed that the ?2_ calculated value of 61.26 is greater than the ?2_ critical value of 13.28 at 0.01level of significance, implying that cooperative societies have significant effect on entrepreneurs. Therefore it is recommended that the federal government should consider developing policies that will create an enabling environment for the development and proper operation of cooperative thrift and credit societies and other group initiatives and the management of cooperative societies should be helped to have a new business orientation and also encouraged to attend and benefit from seminars, adult education and literacy programs.

To improve operational efficiency and to facilitate the emergence of globally competitive companies, there is a need of mergers and acquisitions. The increased participation of the Indian companies in the global corporate sector has further facilitated the merger and acquisition activities in India. Even though mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have been an important element of corporate strategy all over the globe for several decades, research on M& As has not been able to provide conclusive evidence on whether they enhance efficiency or destroy wealth. So this paper tries to analyse the effect of mergers and acquisition on the net profits of the company. It also tries to analyse the performance of the selected merged banks in terms of changes in growth of net sales, cost of production, market capitalisation, revenue earnings and revenue expenses in foreign exchange and Earning per share and also to know the most significant variable affecting the net profits in pharmaceutical company with respect to net sales, cost of production, market capitalisation, revenue earnings and revenue expenses in foreign exchange and Earning per share. The data has been colleted through Capitaline software. Further the result shows that different factors are responsible in different companies that are affecting the profitability of the companies.