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Indian banking sector faced the many challenges due to enlarging NPAs in the banks. The profitability of the banks is not only adversely affected due to these NPAs’ but also enhanced the carrying cost. The net worth of the banks is also adversely affected. Due to the enlarging NPAs in banks, the RBI made stringent rules to curb the alarming situation. But in 2009, the RBI has to liberalised the norms in January 2009 due to the slowdown of Indian Economy. The private sector banks and the foreign banks exhibited the good show in bringing down the NPAs as most of the private and foreign banks brought down the NPA level up to 2 percent. Their sub-standard assets, doubtful assets and loss assets have decreased considerably over the time. The present paper is an attempt to study NPA problem in Private Sector and Foreign Banks in India.

Health and hygiene are the primary requirements for human beings to live comfortably and work with maximum efficiency. Mosquitoes home in on people because they give off carbon dioxide, lactic acid, body odor and heat. A mosquito repellent textile protects the human beings from the bite of mosquitoes and thereby promising safety from the diseases like malarial fever. There are many natural plant products, which show mosquito repellent properties. Extracts from roots, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds of diverse species of plants exhibit mosquito repellent properties. These extracts can be used as textile finishing agents in the crude form or as microcapsules to enhance the durability and controlled release of the extracts. Lemon grass is one such plant well known for its medicinal properties. In the present study, 100% polyester fabric was finished with lemon grass oil to check for its mosquito repellent properties. The results show that, the microencapsulated polyester fabric showed highest mosquito repellent activity (92%) when compared with the fabric finished by pad dry cure method. FTIR analysis of the microcapsules finished fabric also reveals additional functional groups imparted to the fabric by microencapsulation compared to the control.

Mobile ad-hoc networks have become very popular because of their widespread usage. Cooperation among the nodes in ad-hoc networks is an important issue for communication to be possible. But some nodes do not cooperate in communication and saves their energy. These nodes are called as selfish nodes. In the literature there are many methods which deal with the selfish behavior of nodes. This paper compares different methods available for reducing the effect of selfish nodes in mobile ad hoc networks.

Mn-doped and Undoped Ruthenium Oxide composite nanostructures in thin film form were prepared on stainless steel substrates by sol-gel spin coating method. The at % of Mn was increased as 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 %. The XRD pattern of undoped and Mn-doped Ruthenium oxide films showed crystalline nature with porous morphology. EDAX confirms the successful doping of Mn in RuO2. The infrared spectrum illustrates stretching mode of Ru= O and O-Ru-O and absorption peaks attributed to the –OH bending vibrations along with Mn atoms was also seen. Electrochemical behaviour of the deposited films was attempted in 0.1 M KOH aqueous electrolyte using cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. For 1 At % Mn:RuO2 thin films electrode showed maximum specific capacitance of 328 F/g. Chronopotentiometry study showed that for 1 at % Mn doping the specific energy and specific power are increased than undoped Ruthenium oxide and decrease in the charge transfer resistance .

Guar gum waste was treated with ethylacetoacetate. The resultant acetoacetyl guar gum (AGG) was then adducted with sodium bisulfate. The so called product was designated as SAGG. The various mixture of SAGG, pumkin peel powder, eggshell powder and activated charcoal were prepared. The waste water from different industrial zones was collected and then qualitative parameters were determined. All the wastewater samples treated with above various mixtures as adsorbent. The analytical parameters before and after adsorption process were documented and discussed.

The overriding problem with analyzing unbalanced data which leads to heteroscedasity models is that many methods are available and deciding between them can be a matter of some difficulty. Heteroscedasticity is a problem because ordinary least squares (OLS) in regression assumes that all residuals are drawn from a population that has a constant variance (homoscedasticity). When conditional heteroscedasticity is present, the practice of reweighting the data has long been abandoned in favor of estimating model parameters by ordinary OLS, in conjunction with using heteroscedasticity consistent standard errors. However, we argue for reintroducing the practice of reweighting the data, since doing so can lead to large efficiency gains of the resulting weighted least squares WLS estimator over OLS even when the model for reweighting the data is misspecified. The idea is that, the estimator can also be accompanied by the help of type of proportionality condition on cell sample size using harmonic mean. Special emphasis is given to nested model and on the unbalancedness in the data due to heterogeneity in the environmental conditions of experiments. Estimators of the parameters for this model are found to be independent of the weights under this condition.

Residual levels of organophosphorous pesticides were determined in 44 fermented and dried cocoa beans samples collected from two cocoa beans storage warehouses located in Tema and Takoradi; cities in Ghana from November 2010 to January 2011. The main objective of the study was to monitor and assess the residue levels of 13 organophosphorous pesticides in fermented and dried cocoa beans produced from Ghana. The extraction method uses acetonitrile as the extracting solvent. Two solid phase extraction clean-up cartridges were employed; bond elut C18 cartridge, followed by envi-carp/LC-NH2 superclean cartridge; using acetonitrile and a mixture of toluene/acetonitrile in the ratio 1:3 as eluting solvents, respectively. The determination was done using gas chromatography with pulse flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD). The targeted compounds were methamidophos, ethoprophos, phorate, fonofos, diazinon, dimethoate, pirimiphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, malathion, fenitrothion, parathion, chlorfenvinphos and profenofos. The percentage recoveries ranged from 70-95 percent, with instrumental method determination limit of 5.0 ?g/kg. The results indicated that ethoprophos is not being used in cocoa production in Ghana. However, there were appreciable amounts of Dimethoate (22.3 µg/kg), Pirimiphos-methyl (29.5 µg/kg), Malathion (20.6 µg/kg), Chlorpyrifos (50.2 µg/kg) and Fenitrothion (93.8 µg/kg). These notwithstanding, residue levels of all organophosphorous pesticides detected were below both the EU and Japanese maximum residue limits; with the exception of Methamidophos, Chlorpyrifos, Malathion and Profenofos which average residue values were comparable with either one of the two international maximum residue limits set.

Nature Inspired Computation defined as a computational intelligence paradigm inspired from natural biological systems (such as human brain and neural systems, Genetic Algorithms; Bees and Ants Colonies Optimization, etc........). Recently, this paradigm has been successfully applied for solving computational optimization problems, in many fields (such as, machine learning, and engineering design, etc.........). Moreover, by considering its unique computational intelligence characters of self-adaptive, self-organizing and self-learning. It is relevant to adopt its application for modeling and performance evaluation of educational Systems. Herein, the presented work motivated by recent research publications inspired by two interdisciplinary computational intelligence Models. Both have been characterized by challenged bridging of two Natural inspired Models across an interesting practical educational issue. More specifically, this piece of research concerned with the theoretical analysis and evaluation of constructive bridges of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) & Ant Colony Systems (ACS) across Open Learning Systems. Noting that motivating research publications include the following two topics: 1- Assessment of students' adaptability using ANNs models (Cognitive Styles Approach). 2- Modeling of Cooperative e-Learning Performance (ACS Approach).

Microorganisms have a tremendous influence on their environment through the transfer of energy, charge, and materials across a complex biotic mineral–solution interface. The bio-modification of mineral surfaces involves the complex action of microorganism on the mineral surface. The manner, in which bacteria affect the surface reactivity and the mechanism of adsorption and accumulation of the primary data in this area are only starting. Bio-Processing involves the selective removal of undesirable mineral constituents from an ore through microbe-mineral interactions in the processes such as selective flotation and flocculation. At the same time, bio-sorption has made a considerable progress in moving from theory to industrial practice as it is not only environmental useful but also more economical than many other processes. The bio-flotation, bio-flocculation and bio-sorption processes concern the mineral response to the bacterium presence, which is essentially interplay between microorganism and the physicochemical properties of the mineral surface, such as the atomic and electronic structures, the net charge/potential, the acid–base properties, and the wettability of the surface. The adhesion of microorganisms to minerals result in alteration of surface chemistry of minerals relevant to beneficiation process due to a consequence of the formation of a biofilm on the surface or bio-catalyzed surface oxidation or reduction products. There is an urgent need for developing basic knowledge that would underpin biotechnological innovations in the natural resource processing technologies that deliver competitive solutions.

Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine producing tumors arising mostly from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. The prevalence of the tumor is 0.1%-0.6% in the hypertensive population, It has been called 'the great mimic’, capable of presenting itself as many other medical conditions. The most common clinical presentation is hypertension, mainly in the form of paroxysmal episodes. Cardiovascular manifestations include malignant arrhythmia and catecholamine cardiomyopathy, mimicking acute coronary syndromes and acute heart failure. We report a case of pheochromocytoma revealed by angina, and acute myocardial infarction without coronary artery disease (CAD).