Educational Technology

The study titled “A study on acquisition of primary education as a catalyst for value re-orientation and national development in Rivers state, Nigeria” was undertaken to among other things determine the nature of contributions made by primary education towards value orientation and national development. 2,277 primary school graduates were sampled. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in selecting them. A self researcher made questionnaire known as “Response of Primary School graduates towards value re-orientation and national development (RPSGTVOND)” and it was made up of 21 items. Professors of primary education and educational evaluation validated the instrument. Test retest method was used to establish the reliability level of the instrument to be 0.68 at 0.05 level of significance. Regression ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Two hypotheses were generated namely: (1) there is no significant relationship between primary education and value re-orientation (2) the relationship between acquisition of primary education and national development is not significant. The study establishes that there is a significant relationship between the acquisition of primary education and value re-orientation whereas the relationship between the acquisition of primary education and national development is not significant. Based on the findings, the study recommends that: teacher trainee institutions like the universities of education need to train student teachers to be equipped with skills such as storytelling, counseling etc. known as useful approaches for the teaching and learning of values in the Nigerian society and there is the need for the government to enlighten all stake holders in primary education through the mass and social media to take the business of primary education serious so that it can sufficiently contribute towards national development.

This study investigated the effect of math multimedia teaching on mathematics self-regulation and learning at the junior high school girls students in Iran in the 2012-2013 academic year; and has been performed with quasi-experimental methods (quasi experimental). For this purpose, we selected two classes of first grade school in velayat educational complex in Harsin city (Iran) that have random arrangement and their Mathematics was taught by a teacher; and randomly assigned were considered one class as experimental group and another class as control group. The total respondents were 60 (29 cases in the experimental group, and 31 cases in control group). To collect the data used from regulated learning strategies questionnaire (MLSQ), and were used lesson math final scores for assessing students' learning. After the pretest in two groups, experimental group were taught by multimedia applications, and control groups by common mode. Dependent and independent t-test was used for data analysis. The results showed that, although the self-regulation and academic performance of students with math learning software were taught in the control group was outperformed, But this advantage was not significant at %95 confidence level. Among the reasons for lack of significant assumptions in this study, it can be noted to non-observance of the principles of multimedia in software used, teachers' lack of familiarity with how to use new technologies and how to combine it with traditional, Students' unfamiliarity with new methods of teaching and Students' lack of proficiency in the use of computers.

The education system of Bangladesh is broadly divided into three stages. These are primary, secondary and higher education. To meet up the demand of education of the country, the government has the highest responsibility. The government of Bangladesh is trying to play her role since its inception. Doing her duty, many methods and techniques of providing education have been using. In the modern age of 21st century, Information Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the latest techniques around the world including Bangladesh to use in the field of education. It is said that the present time is the blessing of ICT. All the sectors of a country like, education, health, agriculture, business, travel, transport, industry etc. can’t work properly with expected outputs without use of technology. Many applications are now being used in all those sectors. Bangladesh is also on the track to utilize the application of ICTs. As a matter of it, Bangladesh has established an ICT policy in 2009, to implement and engage ICTs for some definite purposes. In education sector of Bangladesh, ICTs have been using for many purposes. Computer and internet based technologies have been using in a scattered and limited way for e-learning & distance learning such as in storage of data, video documentary production etc. But the prospects of ICTs in education sector comprising primary, secondary and higher level are multidimensional. Establishing e-learning or online education system, adopting modern educational management, ensuring equal opportunity of education, increasing global connectivity among the educational institutions, providing education for distanced and distressed people etc. could be able to achieve with the help of ICTs. Bangladesh is far behind in the field compared to other countries in the world. Some problems are also identified in this regard. These are lack of computers and lab facility with internet connectivity, inadequate infrastructure, lack of fund and comprehensive policy etc. which hinders to get the maximum benefits from ICTs in education sector. If all these hinders would quickly be minimized, the education system of Bangladesh, especially the secondary and higher stage could be able to produce its outcomes quickly and the government would be able to manage all the education sectors very effectively and efficiently. The present article deals with all these factors and important issues in detail with due attention.

This paper explores the findings of a qualitative phenomenological study of teaching practicum as a critical component of teacher training program at a leading private University in Kenya. This phenomenological study evaluated the teachers prevailing understandings of the teaching practice phenomenon (Borg and Gall, 2007). It focuses on exploring the issues and concerns related to the planning, teacher placement, implementation and administration of teaching practicum. It addresses the teacher trainees’ experiences, challenges, pedagogic and philosophical concerns during the teaching practicum. The participants in the study were selected using purposive sampling techniques. These were teachers who had completed the mandatory course requirements in a private university and were taking the final units in readiness for the final examination before graduation. The participants took their teaching practicum in their teaching duty stations, under the mentorship of a cooperating teacher and were supervised by two faculty members during the first term of the school calendar. The research design used a phenomenological interpretive methodology that gave prominence to the participants’ subjective meanings (Cohen and Manion, 2000). The participants in the study were 78 teachers who took part in the teaching practicum in the last phase of their teacher training program. Data were collected from professional journals, reflective papers and portfolios prepared by the teachers during and after the teaching practicum. Analysis of data was done by coding the teachers’ experiences into broad themes. Following the emerging perspectives and challenges during the practicum, suggestions are made to improve aspects of planning and pedagogy the teaching practicum.

Leadership is vital in raising and maintaining educational standards, providing clear leadership for staff and students, running the school effectively, and helping develop the ethos and vision for the school as a whole. The study sought to assess the perceived influences of leadership styles on students’ performance, investigate the leadership roles and practices school administrators adopt to improve students’ achievements, elicit the viewpoints of school administrators, teachers and students on their preferred leadership styles. The study adopted a descriptive study design. A total of 286 respondents were sampled from a total population of 6,425. Simple random sampling procedure was used to sample students and teachers, while all the six (6) head teachers of the selected schools were used for the study.

This study examines the effects of instructional scaffolding on achievement of students in Biology in Anambra State, Nigeria. The research design used in the study was quasi experimental research design. The sample consists of 120 SS2 biology students selected from the four randomly sampled secondary schools in Awka Education Zone in the state. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. Biology Achievement Test (BAT) was the only instrument used for data collection. The Pearson Product Moment correlation statistics was used to obtain a reliability coefficient of 0.84 using data obtained by the test-retest method. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while t - test was used to test the hypotheses. The results reveal that scaffolding instructional strategy enhanced students? achievement in biology. There was no significant difference in the mean gain scores of male and female students taught biology concept in the experimental group but there was a significant difference between mean gain scores of male and female students taught biology concept in the control group. Based on the findings, it was recommended amongst others that teachers should adopt scaffolding instructional strategy for teaching Biology in schools. Curriculum planners should include scaffold as an instructional strategy for enhancing academic achievement.

According to effects of globalization on changing attitudes, values and beliefs of particular communities in Eastern societies, education is impressed. The purpose of this study is investigating the process of globalization on the education of Islamic communities. Is it possible to cancel or reduce the effects of globalization? (In some cases, this effects appear inappropriate.) Some subjects as changing attitudes, persuasion and advertising people, are closely related to the globalization issue. Among the notable ideas in this area, "inoculated" by Mac Guar and Papajurjys (1961) has been proposed. It explains a method that can be protected in beliefs, opinions and views of the conflict. It protects people against the brainwashing through a gradual understanding of the beliefs about the correct reasons. After rejection of hypothesis, it is confirmed with medical vaccination approach. It means ideas and attitudes are also immunization against pests and damage. According to assumption of this study, globalization in the age of communication and information is the best way. This paper proposes two solutions. First, Educational system and families can protect children with inoculation against undesirable and unexpected some changes, attitudes and values. Second, promotion of critical thinking is against real accepting or ignoring in process of globalization. Critical thinking is one of the most important life skill in dealing with phenomena that are not really well-known.

The impact of code switching on the speaking of EFL students’ learning ability, the significance of code switching in classrooms where medium of instruction is second or foreign language is approved reality. Observation of bilingual or multilingual classrooms show that teachers use code switching in different situations for different purposes. In speaking classes using code switching in Iranian school classes reduced the scores of the students and it has negative effect on the students. The researcher used code- switching in two groups of students in six grade of primary school. In the speaking class by the two groups of 40 students, using code switch of the 20 of the student and not using code switching of 20 of the other students. Teaching them for about ten sessions the result has been shown that by those students that using code switching the score of them is low and those who haven’t used code switching was wonderful. Key words: Bilingual, Multilingual, Code-switching

This study was conducted to investigate the learning environment through the perception of prospective science teachers (PSTs) and science teacher educators (STEs) in teacher training institutions of Pakistan. Instrument used was extracted from a valid and reliable scale entitled “what is happening in the class” for both samples and it covered three aspects of learning environment: Cooperation, Instructor’s Support and Investigation. For data collection, two samples consisting of 410 Prospective Science Teachers (PSTs) and 38 Science Teacher Educators (STEs) were randomly selected from eight training institutions located in three states of Pakistan. Findings of study revealed that in some aspects of the learning environment, the teacher training institutions were rated poor while in various aspects these were perceived average and in a few aspects these were rated as good. The perception of PSTs and STEs was different about some characteristics of institutional learning environment while it was almost same about some other fact regarding learning environment.

Education is very important in all societies. In this process, teacher and his training procedures are very important. However, it can be said that teaching is not easy because the teacher is faced with many variables in the process of teaching. Better identifying these variables and using them in a timely manner can help teachers focus on its goals. In this regard, the present study is an attempt to evaluate the effectiveness of student-centered education on creativity and social compatibility of junior students in Dashtestan city in 1393. The population of this study are junior students of Dashtestan city that 40 students of the target population were selected and investigated. Based on the objective, this study is functional and based on the nature, it is descriptive – analytical and gathering data has been done based on Library, documentary, and field studies. Data has been collected based on Bell’s social compatibility questionnaire in this study containing 25 questions and also Torrance’s creativity test has been used. The results show that there is a significant relationship among the student-centered teaching method and increasing creativity and social compatibility of students. So it seems that planning for teachers to use modern teaching methods (student-centered) in their teaching to improve the quality of education is necessary.