Social Sciences

: Now days Culture has become one of the factors that create effects on the performance of the students through four skills and discussing its relationship with one of these skills is a controversial issue. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether there is any significant relationship between intercultural intelligence (known as CQ) awareness and reading proficiency (RP). The participants were 250 Azad University students of English translation with the same level of proficiency but different genders. To this end, the participants first were provided with CQ questionnaire by (Ang et al., 2007) and vocabulary tests which was developed by Paul Nation taken from his website as well as a reading proficiency test developed by Sadeghi and Everatt (submitted). The results of the present paper indicates that there is no significant relationships between cultural intelligence band score and reading proficiency, however a significant relationship among metacognitive factors as one of the four important sub-categories of cultural intelligence was evident. When looking into vocabulary, while a positive significant correlation with CQ band score was found, again similar to the reading proficiency skills a significant relationship between vocabulary knowledge and metacognitive factors was evident. The fact that the results show no correlation between either reading proficiency skills or vocabulary knowledge with cognitive factor represented in the questionnaire needs further research. Key terms: cultural intelligence, culture, reading, proficiency, vocabulary

Obesity is now a common childhood disease and is widely acknowledged as having become a global epidemic. There are well-recognized health consequences of childhood obesity, both during childhood and adulthood, affecting health and psychological welfare. Childhood obesity is a risk factor for adult morbidity and mortality, independent of body mass index (BMI) in adulthood, family history of cardiovascular disease or cancer, and smoking. The present study was designed with the objectives to study contributing factors of childhood obesity like genetic, environmental, behavioral, metabolic, biochemical and social factors and its relationship. Hence, this research investigates the most contributing / impactful factor of childhood obesity using Induced Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (IFCMs). IFCMs are a fuzzy-graph modeling approach based on expert’s opinion. This is the non-statistical approach to study the problems with imprecise information.

The purpose of this study, the effectiveness of therapy play on social skills development in the district of Qasr-e Shirin was in the sixth grade students. Quasi-experimental methods, experimental and control groups, and using pre-test - post-test. The subjects, who were 40 in the sixth grade students, multi-stage cluster sampling from three schools of Qasr-e Shirin district, was selected in 2015, and in the experimental group and control group. Measuring devices in this study were social skills Gresham & Elliot, form teacher. The study design was conducted 12 sessions on experimental group, but the control group received no intervention, and one month later, the test was performed on both groups. Data were analyzed using independent t test, the results showed that, post_ the growth of social skills, including cooperation, self-discipline and assertiveness were made. The results showed that the functional role of therapy play is the development of social skills of students. The results of usability, and effectiveness of therapy play, social skills training and development of students, confirms.

In a typical class room with students of different learning styles and influences due to cultural or social factors, monitoring the individual student can be enhanced by going through their interaction with each other through a collaborative learning approach. We propose a model of two types of collaborations. The first allows dynamical grouping driven by the students’ performance within heterogeneous (mixing high, medium, low marks achievers) or homogeneous (similar marks achievers). The second type consists of static groups (the students agreed to form fixed groups, not moving from one group to another group). We have applied the two types of model in constructing the knowledge for Java coding for application development through collaborative learning process in which each student has a more or less equal role in bringing out the outputs for the laboratory exercises. Our results prove that the static groups have significant effect in spite of the presence of extra encouragement for participating in dynamic grouping. This result establishes, especially in the context of rural learners in, the evidence of gaining educational benefits from the social interactions and cultural factors.

The present study was aimed to analyze the relationship between occupational stress and organization citizenship behavior of academic staff working in Higher Education Institutions of Pakistan. Qualitative and quantitative approaches have been used to explore the relationship of occupational stress and organization citizenship behavior by using a sample of 240 academic staff of public sector institutions of higher education located in Islamabad, Pakistan. Data were collected through personal visit to the offices of academic staff. Two research instruments i.e. Occupational Stress Inventory–revised (OSI-R) and OCB inventory by Podsakolf and Mackenzie were used to collect data. For data analysis Pearson Correlation was applied. Data analysis revealed that significant negative relationship was found in responses of academic staff regarding occupational stress and organization citizenship behavior.

Economic growth is the core power to promote and shape the urbanization development, which helps to promote the economic development and social progress in ethnic regions of China Ecological civilization focuses on improving the relationship and ending the confrontation, separation, mutual exclusion and conflict between man and nature, ethnic regions of China should promote the construction of ecological civilization from multiple aspects and realize sustainable development. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is one of five ethnic regions of China; the urbanization in Xinjiang is unique in its functions, layout, dynamic mechanism, realizing path, and system background. Thus, it is necessary to select different paths according to different local conditions, to achieve multiple functions of economic development, ecological security and social stability.

This paper will explain more detail about the way to produce product which is designing and develop by concern the criteria of sustainable. Multipurpose Iron Board is one of the product with applied the concept of sustainability. Multipurpose Iron Board can perform a variety of uses other than iron board itself. In sustainable design, it’s able to function as a ladder and chair too. This product is easy to store, easy to carry, lightweight and durable. In addition, the design of which was developed also emphasized aesthetic values. Ergonomic factors are also taken into account so that the user can use the product properly and safely. Anthropometric data is referenced to ensure product will be produce by full fill the ergonomic factors. This product is designed by considered consumer demand through market survey. The current issue such as limited space and less storage will be overcome through the use of this product.

Abstract Most academic views of teaching theory have speculated that, it would be better to allow learners to state themselves when they are learning a second language it is usual to occasionally flash back into their first language which it can be helpful for them to learn better. According to this, mother tongue might be affect on the process of learning reading comprehension (decoding and interpreting) via translation into the first language. This paper aims to teach reading comprehension toward the use of mother tongue. Having expressed the problems of the topic and the limitations in chapter one, I reviewed the literature of the topic in chapter two. This study will be examined reading comprehension by using L1. After homogenizing via pre-test, forty Iranian girls with treatment and twenty without it who will between the ages of 20 to 30 will be carried out with the Nelson Proficiency Test. The result of the study will be obtained via analysis variance (ANOVA). Key words:Mother tongue,Reading Comprehension,EFL,Vocabulary

In most cases, the importance of local histories in explaining the issues and delicacies of a land or territory is a good guide and answer for people who want to find out more about the history, dignitaries, culture, customs and the status of a region or area. Having prosperous, vibrant and populous regions, the vast country of India has seen a very great and notable civilization and has always been important throughout history, each region which having its own wonders and developments. Although there had been many worth sayings points about different regions of India before the arrival of Islam in this country, all of which used to be cited orally, there have been different books about different regions of the country prepared after the arrival of Islam in this country, especially during the centuries when the Islamic sovereignty was stabilized or Persian Language and Literature developed there. In the first part of the present study, which in fact is an introduction to the writings and compositions of local historiographies, the researchers seek to mention the course of Muslims’ historiography in India from the past until recent centuries. In the second part of the study, they introduce a list of local chronicles together with the name and time of their compilation in about twenty states or regions of India. In the last part, however, they explain the content of some of these works. The indented questions, nevertheless, are that what the position of local chronicles is in the Indian Historiography, what regions or what topics local chronicles have contended with, and when such works have been written. Regarding the data collected for this research, the answer to these questions will be possible and positive and the status of local historiographies in the Indian subcontinent will be characterized.

My article explores the predicament of the marginalized women in the major plays of Tennessee Williams- one of the most prolific American dramatists of the 20th century. In his three major plays- “The Glass menagerie’, “A streetcar named desire” and “Summer and Smoke” we witness the women who live with a sense of despair- trapped and displaced by the patriarchal norms of the American society. Though Williams does not openly champion the rights of the woman in his plays, he however strongly empathizes with their marginalized existence in the contemporary society. They are portrayed as helpless figures, who have no control over their destinies and are alienated in their social circles. Blanche, Stella, Amanda, Laura and Alma are delicate and sensitive women who struggle their best to adjust with the society- but in the long run are misunderstood, rejected and victimized in the male-dominated American society. They inhabit a world of men, who are indifferent to their needs and to their womanhood. Each of these women loses her place in the world governed by the male characters. The pathos of Blanche, Laura, Amanda and Amanda is that they refuse to acknowledge their state of passivity and continue to struggle for their dignity and social standing even when the battle seems lost.