Pharmacy

Depression is highly variable in terms of presentation of symptoms and the duration of these symptoms. It is characterised by a loss of positive affect and interest in activities and can be differentiated from depressed or sad mood by being more persistent and intense and by being accompanied with cognitive, behavioural and physiological changes as well as functional and social impairment (NICE, 2004) Some of the symptoms a client with depression may experience are lack of joy (anhedonia), loss of feelings (apathy) a feeling of hopelessness, social withdrawal social withdrawal lowered or heightened appetite, sleeping difficulties, pessimistic or negative thoughts and lowered self-esteem (Megna & Simionescu,2006)psychotic symptoms as such delusions or hallucinations may occur in severely depressed clients. The results gleaned from the study done on 30 depressed young women with the age range of 20-25 years afflicted with depression showed that a combination of pleasant and exuberating practices in proportion to patients and medication therapy (re-absorption inhibitors of serotonin (5 HT) and re-absorption inhibitors of Dopamine (5HT) can be very beneficial to the treatment and control of depression disease. So the test group tended from severe depression to mild depression and the control group tended from severe depression to moderate (mild) depression. Although, medication therapy has some moderate effects of treatment process, it cannot be successful in the treatment and control of depression.

Topical drug delivery system is most preferred due to avoidance of first pass metabolism and gastro-intestinal incompatibility. Microemulsion is the most frequently preferred carrier systems for NSAIDs which are used in treatment of arthritis. This new drug delivery approach is jointly aiming at minimizing drug dose, diverting drugs to the target tissue by increased permeation, and enhancing efficacy in patients. In this work, the pseudo-ternary phase diagram were constructed using Tween 80, Ethyl oleate, Propylene glycol and water. Different batches of microemulsions were prepared by phase titration method. The batch which showed maximum in vitro drug release was formulated into gel using various concentration of polymer. EO was used as the oily phase of microemulsion due to powerful solubilization and permeation enhancing effect for Flurbiprofen. 0.75% carbopol 940 was considered as optimum gel matrix. Optimized batch of microemulsion gel was evaluated for pH, spreadability, % Drug content, Droplet size and Polydispersity-Index. The optimized batch was compared with marketed gel (5% gel). The in vitro permeation studies revealed that the prepared microemulsion-gel could be used as a potential carrier for the topical delivery of Flurbiprofen due to its permeation enhancing ability.

Anticonvulsants are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of epileptic seizures. The goal of an anticonvulsant is to suppress the rapid and excessive firing of neurons that start a seizure. The use of current antiepileptic drugs has been questioned due to the non selectivity of the drugs and the undesirable side effects posed by them. This lead to the search for antiepileptic compounds with more selective activity and lower toxicity continues to be an area of investigation in medicinal chemistry. Semicarbazones are compounds which are synthesized by the condensation of semicarbazide and aldehydes/ketones. The literature survey revealed that semicarbazones had been emerged as a compound with broad range of activities including anticonvulsant, antitubercular, anticancer and antimicrobial activity. In this review chemistry and anticonvulsant activity of semicarbazone analogues are discussed.