Finance

In this study the determinants of share price movements of sugar sector of Pakistan are determined. Data is taken from 2005-2010 of each company of sugar sector. Data is analyzed using three methods as by descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis. As in this study ROA (return on assets), ROCE (return on capital employed), EPS (earning per share) and dividend are used as an independent variables and share prices as dependent variable. Relationship between variables is determined through correlation and how much change in dependent variable due to independent variables is determined by regression analysis. Result show that 13.25%variation in dependent variable is explained by ROA, ROCE, EPS and dividend.

The professional ethics of accountants is an important issue directly relating to the integrity of the profession and its ability to secure the public trust. A job that is proper for the ethics is the job that is done by showing the necessary attention in the best way.Businesses as the institutions operating in certain environmental conditions are affected not only by their environments in the decisions that they give; they also affect their environments by their decisions and actions. Businesses? understanding the impact of their actions on society and taking these effects into consideration while taking decision and applying to them are related to the sense of social responsibility.This study aims to analyze the concept of Principles, approaches and Ethical standards in the accounting profession and how these Ethical standards are formed. Ethical accounting requires the application of moral principles, ethical practices and ethical standards. So learn and develop the basic concepts of ethics in the accounting profession is an essential first step.

Unit root tests used to examine non stationarity in a series at times give misleading results if possible structural breaks in the series are ignored. This study examined the presence of unit root in REER in India in the presence of structural breaks in the post reform period by using recent endogenous structural break unit root test. The results of the study reveal that there is no unit root in REER implying that it follows mean reversion.

In India, Various fund houses (58 AMCs) are offering mutual fund services. All these fund houses have several mutual fund schemes in each segment like equity, debt, gilt and liquid funds. Out of which equity segment has got several schemes and most of the investors are attracted towards equity mutual fund schemes. Because of availability of wide range of equity MF schemes in each AMC, it is important to identify outperforming funds available in the market. For that, it is appropriate to consider risk and return of each fund to yield better returns before taking investment decision. Hence Present study is an attempt of identifying risk and returns of equity funds and comparing the same with benchmark returns and peers to help mutual fund investors in choosing better funds as investment avenues.

The study identifies the impact of inflation and foreign exchange rate on foreign direct investment in Pakistan. Inflation and exchange rates are used as independent variables and foreign direct investment is taken as dependent variable. Discreet time series data has been used from the period of 1999 to 2009. The results of regression analysis reveal that high inflation has negative impact on foreign direct investment and higher exchange rates has positive impact on foreign direct investment in Pakistan. The inflation and foreign exchange rates both are insignificant in the analysis.

The handloom industry in Andhra Pradesh is famous for its age old weaving craft next to agriculture. Located in Andhra Pradesh Prakasham district, Chirala mandal is famous for its specialized weaving craft. Considering entire district of Prakasham 95% of total textile production comes from Chirala mandal alone stretching from Eepurupalem - Vetapalem - Pandilla palli, a stretch of 16 Kms length. In Chirala mandal itself some 300 varieties of fabrics were produced. Some of the world famous Tie and Die products are taken birth in Chirala. Chirala is known as second Mumbai. However it is observed that this traditional cottage industry is losing its attractive occupational status forcing the weavers to migrate to other occupations out of desperation. In the year 2007 around 15,000 weaver families have already migrated to other occupations, but even of course the weaver families are still continuing to hope for a bright future on day or the other. The income from these highly skilled weaver products are not able to produce an honorable living by solely depending upon this occupation resulting in migration to other occupations. The present study is under taken to understand the grievances of the weavers and also the weavers shifted to other professions.

Natural gas is fast becoming the main component in India’s vast energy sector. Due to its ease of handling and greater efficiency, natural gas is proving its utility both as fuel and feedstock. It has helped to attract investments and catalyse new demand and supply. This sector has witnessed significant developments over the years. The objective of this paper is an analysis done to see the extent to which a company has implemented using rules financial performance is good and right. Data has been taken from 2009 to 2013 in this study. Financial statements of GAIL, EGL, IGL and GGC for the indicated periods were obtained from websites such as prowess, CMIE, money control and yahoo finance. Necessary information derived from these financial statements were summarized and used to compute the financial ratios for the five-year period. Financial ratios are tools used to measure the profitability, liquidity and solvency performance of four major Indian gas distribution companies. This research is to analyze the financial statements of these companies using liquidity ratios, activity ratios, leverage ratios, profitability ratios, and market value ratios. For liquidity, the following ratios were used: current ratio, quick or acid-test ratio. For activity, Inventory turnover ratio, debtor turnover ratio and working capital turnover ratios were used. For leverage, the following ratios were used i.e. debt ratio, equity ratio, and interest coverage ratio. For profitability, net profit margin, return on assets, return on shareholder’s equity, and earnings per share were used. For market value, price-earnings ratio and earning par share ratios were used.

The prolonged slump in crude oil prices and the exchange rate uncertainty can adversely impact global stock market. Malaysia also feel the pinch where in August 2015, its stock market index has plunged to its lowest level in more than three years since June 2012. Thus, this study is conducted to discover the relationship between crude oil prices and exchange rate to the Malaysia stock market index. Crude oil price, exchange rate and Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) are chosen as independent variables while Malaysia stock market index as the dependent variable is proxy by FBMKLCI. This study used monthly time series data covering 74 observations from July 2009 to August 2015. Employing correlation matrix test, our result shows that all independent variables have significant relationship with FBMKLCI. On the other hand, regression analysis indicates that only exchange rate and DJIA is significant in determining the movement of FBMKLCI while crude oil price is not significant. The finding further indicates that changes in DJIA will positively affecting FBMKLCI while changes in exchange rate have negative influence on FBMKLCI.

Today, due to the effects of tourism activities in the economy of the tourist receptive areas on leaves, Great attention to this field of activity is focused. West of Islamabad city with great tourist potential and the potential remains for tourists unfamiliar, Therefore, tourist attractions in this city And planning with special geographical conditions appear to be necessary. For this purpose the paper uses a descriptive method and analytical and strategic models of SWOT, and field studies to determine the strengths, weaknesses, to provide a strategy to develop tourism opportunities and threats are discussed. After reviewing data collected barriers such as lack of facilities along with other attractions, Weak advertising, the neglect of infrastructure to attract tourists in this city and to provide guidelines for tourism development Use of modern methods of advertising west has been building facilities in the city of Islamabad. According to obtained results, strategies city near Islamabad, the West is aggressive strategies the authorities should try to take advantage of the strengths and opportunities and to take steps towards these strategies.

Governments all over the world rely on revenues majorly generated from variety of taxes in order to meet their numerous fiscal expenditures. The practice of tax evasion and tax avoidance has bedeviled the tax system of Pakistan since 1947. So this research is conducted in order to identify the nature, causes and magnitude of tax evasion and tax avoidance along with their social, economic and political impacts especially in context of economy of Pakistan. The integrated approach has been used in order to answer the objectives of this study. Study reveals that tax evasion and avoidance both leading to fiscal deficit and foreign debt in Pakistan; however, tax evasion is most important. The estimations of tax evasion and tax avoidance are not reliable on account of different assumptions and ambiguous methodologies. Our research deals only with the conditions prevailing in Pakistan so results cannot be generalized. Moreover, instead of using estimates of tax evasion or avoidance we have used indicators of tax evasion an avoidance to determine their magnitude.