Social Studies

Population ageing is the most significant emerging demographic phenomenon in the world today. In 1950, the world population aged 60 years and above was 205 million (8.2 per cent of the population) which increased to 606 million (10 per cent of the population) in 2000. By 2050, the proportion of older persons 60 years and above is projected to rise to 21.1 per cent, which will be two billion in number. Old age presents its special and unique problems but these have been aggravated due to the unprecedented speed of socioeconomic transformation leading to a number of changes in different aspects of living conditions. The needs and problems of the elderly vary significantly according to their age, socioeconomic status, health, living status and other such background characteristics. The most of the study is only considering all elderly same factors for study of the issues and problems of elderly. The Indian society structure is form on the basis of the caste of the people. The whole society divided as per their role and function in the society. The allocation of the resources also divided as per the caste, the Dalti in India are the most vulnerable communities in the India due to various reasons. The women condition of the Dalit women elderly are facing multi level exclusion on the basis of the gender, caste, economic, caste atrocities and social exclusion. The paper is demanding that while studying the issues of Dalti elderly need different perspective for studying the issues and problems of the Dalti elderly.

This study investigates the relationship between metacognitive awareness and comprehension of an expository text among secondary school students. It also determines the relationship between the students’ level of metacognitive awareness and their gender, school type, stream and language achievement. A quantitative approach using an Index of Reading Awareness and a set of comprehension test based on an expository test was administered to 110 Form Four students from a national and a national-type schools in Penang Island, Malaysia. The gathered data revealed that metacognitive awareness and comprehension had weak correlation. Besides, no significant relationship was detected between metacognitive awareness and gender, or school type and stream. However, there was a relationship between metacognitive awareness and language achievement. The study underscored that students who score high in the level of metacognitive awareness may not necessarily score as high in comprehension. Furthermore, metacognitive awareness can also be applied to a variety of texts of different subject matters as well as different languages.

The study was aimed at to analyze the social aspect of school climate. The objectives of the study were to highlight the public relations associated with school and to identify the factors that affect the social climate of a school. The population of the study was comprised of the sixty six boys’ high and higher secondary school in public sector at district Charsadda. Out of the target population, twenty two schools were taken as a sample through random sampling technique. The data was collected through questionnaire administered to principals and teachers of selected schools as well as through non-participant observation checklist. The data was screened for errors and cleaned thereof, and then tabulated and analyzed. The findings of study revealed that most of the school had no regular co-curricular activities. Grouping exists among teachers. The relationship between school and community was quite poor and the Parents Teachers Councils were ineffective. Teachers participate in making school base decisions but their criticism is not welcomed by most of the principals. In the schools there are political interventions. Most of the teachers like to have long discussion on politics. Use of abusive language in schools is also observed. There is no proper procedure for social education of the students. It is recommended that the deficiencies might be overcome by strengthening Parents Teachers Councils, discouraging politics and grouping among teachers. Organization of co-curricular activities and social education and use of cultured language should be encouraged.

This paper sets out to compare Immanuel Emanuel Wallerstein concept of globalization and Anthony Giddens. To believe Wallerstein, capitalism system has result of emergence of the bourgeoisie and expansion it, extension of global trade, innovation of new product methods, mass products, possibility of capital accumulation, and globalization this of process the facilitate for countries but to make dependent of the peripheral societies to core countries and so has continues of colonialism to new form. Giddens’ discuss on the modernity global and him known globalization as an unavoidable alternative for modernism and results of expansionism capitalism has lead to new forms in the different countries of world. The modernism view is along with a cultural sub-structure, and aims at creating fundamental economic, social and political changes in developing countries. Giddens says’ that globalization is colonialism reverse and is necessary for development and growth of the global societies. Both they are special look of nation-state role in the process of globalization particularly it’s of effects on life aspects and so quality of life for people of societies.

The policy of free primary education in Kenya, although highly commendable, has resulted to a baffling phenomenon where parents in urban slums are withdrawing their children from public to private primary schools. This clearly suggests that parents seem to have confidence in private schools than in public schools. The emergence of low fee private schools whose accreditation is in doubt is indeed an interesting phenomenon worth exploring. It is no longer a question of whether private schools exist but rather to what extent private schools supplement the government in providing basic education. While the government bears the sole responsibility of providing education to all children, the findings from three researches discussed in this paper portray a different reality. The number of private schools especially in the slums almost outnumbers government schools despite the fact that public primary schools are free. This trend raises key policy issues regarding the role of the private sector in collaborating with the government in providing quality education to all citizens. Indeed, the emergence of low cost private schools in urban slums presents an unexploited, though potent, opportunity for public-private partnership in the provision of basic education.

The growing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) presented new challenges for medical humanitarian aid and little was known about primary health care approaches for these diseases in humanitarian response. We aimed to evaluate UNHCR’s use of total CVD risk based prevention strategies amongst refugees in Morocco to identify opportunities to improve total CVD risk based guidance for humanitarian settings. We evaluated CVD risk assessment and management in two outpatient NCD clinics in Morocco using a mixed methods design with qualitative and quantitative strands of equal priority, Integrate during data collection and interpretation during three years. We reviewed the clinical records of 400 patients. The number of consultations has increased by half between 2016 and 2018. The average age of the patients was 48 +/- 12.6 with a predominance of patients in the age group between 40 and 50. The sex ratio was 1,7 of men, the majority of patients consulted once time, the country of origin was Syria in 40% of cases, the most risk factor founded was hypertension in almost 70% of case, a history of coronary artery disease was present in almost 6% of cases, chest pain was the most frequent reason for consultation followed by headache, and the diagnosis was arterial hypertension in 58% of cases followed by ischemic heart disease In 26% of cases. All patients underwent a complete clinical examination, with an electrocardiogram based on the indications; echocardiography was performed in 37% of patients and coronarography in 10% with surgery in 1.5% and catheter intervention in 1.5% of cases. Most patients had at least one medical treatment to take. The high prevalence of unhealthy behaviors and risk factors for Heart disease in refugee groups might be a lifestyle remnant from their country of birth or might be brought about by a stressful migration and acculturation into a new social and cultural environment. Nevertheless, it is important in primary healthcare to be aware of a possible preventable increased risk of unhealthy behaviors and risk factors for heart disease in some immigrants.

This study is based on the dynamics of Nigerian politics as portrayed in the two select post-colonial works of Chinua Achebe and Chimamanda Adichie. The paper considers the role of identity in the post-colonial era and narrows it down to the Nigerian/Biafran civil war of 1967-1970. It sets out to reveal the problem of identity that was prevalent in Nigeria during the civil war and the state of Nigeria's politics during the period of the war. The study is based on different research materials such as internet sources, journals, textbooks and interviews. Achebe's book is the most accurate, recent and comprehensive prose that has discussed the past, present and the possible future of Nigerian politics. Adichie, though never experienced the war, skillfully constructs a tragic story that depicts accurately the events of the civil war, The findings of this research is based on the fact that, if the political leaders of the country will be able to compromise their diverse identities and the ethnic groups in the country come together to believe in a common identity, then the strife and disagreement will be in its barest minimum. Finally, conclusions are drawn on how to address the problems of national disunity and selfish politics in Nigeria.

The Algiers Peace agreement signed on June 18, 2000 between Eritrea and Ethiopia has ended the two years border war of 1998-2000. The terms of the agreement, however, have not yet implemented although a fresh rapprochement initiatives have started since July 8, 2018. The main problem is the controversies surrounding the Eritrea-Ethiopian Border Commission’s (EBCC) final and binding decision on disputed territories due to competing positions by Eritrea and Ethiopia. It is almost 18 years since disagreement has embroiled the two countries into a state of ‘no war, no peace’ situation, marked by socio-economic and political disarrays. This article, therefore, seeks to examine the main underpinning factor of the problem and its implication for Eritrea. The author argues that the stalled peace talk was an obstacle to Eritrea in its effort for state institutionalization and democratization processes

This article is about the unending pain of an minority ethnic group deprived of citizenship by the majority ruling class of the nation. It has no citizenship rights in their own nation. The man of this ethnic minority group has to work with no pay but with their own food a day a week for the dominated power. This ethnic group has no birth rights even to travel in their nation. They have to apply to travel with certain dates and must go back in the date otherwise they would not be return to the place they live even this is the place they are born. If they want to get marry, they have to apply to the local government to do so but it takes about six to seven years to get the approval. After getting the approval, they are not allowed to have more than two children. They are not allowed to work under the public services. … They are deprived of all means to live. This is the ethnic group known as Rohingyai in Myanmar.

Over the years, Nigeria has increasingly faced enormous apprehension arising from conflict and insecurity from Nigeria’s contiguous countries individuated by armed bandits and armed herders, who take advantage of our porous borders to perpetrate monstrous crimes with negative impact on our internal security. In the study, some fundamental objectives stated: To examine the nature of conflict and insecurity in Nigeria, the role of ECOWAS protocol on free movement in west Africa in the conflict and the role of the Nigerian security apparatus in the incidents of cross border crimes and increase conflict and insecurity in Nigeria. In this paper, we used qualitative materials with the application of historical analysis. The findings revealed Nigeria inherited conflict and insecurity from its geo-political location with northern contiguous neighbours. Besides the porous border, the religious and cultural affinity of people across the border are playing a significant role in aiding armed bandits, armed herders, religious fanatics and Boko Haram insurgency who recklessly infiltrate and criss-cross into and out of Nigeria to unleash wanton destruction of lives and property. More worrisome is the spate of killings and kidnappings taking place all over Nigeria. It was also revealed that the free movement of illegal aliens across the border has resulted in a proliferation of small arms and light weapons paraded by herdsmen as they graze their cattle. The paper recommended that Nigeria should exploit the positive aspects of its diversity to enhance national integration, to ward off illegal aliens, there should be collaborative security effort and a holistic water-proof surveillance among by security operatives along the borders of both countries to checkmate the nefarious activities of legal and illegal aliens crossing the borders at will to commit violent crimes in Nigeria, the ambiguous role of ECOWAS protocol on free movement in west Africa should be reviewed to limit the movement of miscreants across borders amongst others.