Social Sciences

The Indian Census is the most credible source of information on Demography (Population characteristics), Economic Activity, Literacy and Education. This is the only source of primary data in the village town and ward level, It provides valuable information for planning and formulation policies for Central and the State Governments and is widely used by National and International Agencies, Scholars, business people, industrialists, and many more. Census 2011marks a milestone in the history of Census taking in the country. It has come at a time when India is perhaps at an inflexion point in history, when it sheds the legacy of the past and emerges among the comity of Nations as a strong, self-reliant and modern Nation. The basic benchmark statistics on the state of human resources, demography, culture and economic structure at this crucial juncture of the country’s history would be vital to guide and shape the future course of the Nation In a country like India, with multiethnic, multilingual, multicultural and multilevel society, the Census is much more than a mere head count of the population. It gives a snapshot of not only the demographic but also the economic, social and cultural profile of the country at a particular point of time. . No wonder therefore, that Census 2011 has adopted an apt tagline – “Our Census, Our Future”! The present paper is an attempt to analyze the human resource development in Punjab as compared to other states. The analysis is based on 2011 census.

A cross sectional study is determined to know the effects of nepotism-favoritism and cronyism on the job stress, job satisfaction, adverse word mouth and intention to quit of the bank employees. A random sample of 909 employees selected randomly from 199 branches. A structured questionnaire is used to get the data by self-administered approach. The study revealed that negative practices of nepotism-favoritism and cronyism creates the job stress which decrease the job satisfaction create the adverse word of mouth and increase the intention to quit

This paper is the outcome of my two months intensive and in-depth field work conducted in two multi-caste villages of Belgaum District of North Karnataka. The aim of this paper is to know the importance of Reproductive Health hazards of Farm Women Labourers who hails from different socio-economic background and deprived of basic health facilities. World Health Organization (W.H.O.) has defined Health as a “state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity” (W.H.O. 1948). The Webser dictionary defines health as “the condition of being sound in body, mind or spirit especially freedom from physical disease or pain”. Health to all is the prime motto of W.H.O.

Self Help Groups enhance the equality of status of women of participants’ decision makers and beneficiaries in the democratic, economic, social and cultural spheres of life. SHGs have an inbuilt mechanism where emphasis has been over capacity building of women through developing their dialoguing skills. The study was conducted in four districts of North Karnataka covering 100 SHGs and 400 members has revealed some significant trends regarding the membership of Self Help Groups in creation of awareness about the social issues. The awareness about the social issues among the members of the SHGs has been of a high order as the responses indicate about the different social issues. Higher majority of women members of SHGs are in favour of abolition of child labour, removing illiteracy among women and about mobilizing public opinion against alcoholism among men, Similarly major percent of them have favored women empowerment, abolition of dowry, and removal of gender discrimination in employment, wages etc. The positive impact of SHG membership is highly pronounced with regard to awareness about social issues.

This study examined the influence of religiosity and perceived social support on risky sexual behaviour among undergraduate students of Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Two hundred and fifty (250) students were randomly selected from among undergraduate students of Ekiti State University for the study. Six hypotheses were tested using the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire to measure Religiosity, the Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support to measure Perceived Social Support, and the Sexual Risk Taking Questionnaire to measure Risky Sexual Behaviour. The results revealed that religiosity has a significant effect on risky sexual behaviour [F (246) = 22.13, P < 0.01]. It was also found that perceived social support has a significant effect on risky sexual behaviour [F (246) = 4.56, P < 0.05]. However, religiosity and perceived social support do not have any significant interaction effect on risky sexual behaviour [F (246) = 0.173, P > 0.05]. Findings from this study also revealed that males exhibit more risky sexual behaviour than females with significant difference in the mean scores of males (5.56) and females (2.70), [t (248) = 4.98, P < 0.01]. Nonetheless, females and males do not differ significantly on perceived social support [t (248) = -0.59, P > 0.05]. These findings were discussed in the light of available literature and it is recommended that to curtail risky sexual behaviour among Nigeria undergraduates, they should be encouraged to be highly religious, get involved in religious activities, and belief in God. Relevant authorities should also put in place measures to educate the citizenry, by embarking on a large scale enlightenment campaign against indiscriminate sexual involvements through the use of social networks and print and electronic media that would inform and enlighten young people about the consequences of indiscriminate sexual practices. Young people should also be provided with actual social support by friends, families, and significant others as findings revealed that young people who enjoy greater social support are less likely to engage in indiscriminate sexual practices.

The study by Lussier & Bobby (2007) and & Wictor Andersson (2012) states that a country is seen to be successful, viable and respected leader who is due to have strong leadership skills. According to Robinson (2009), a good leader can influence the team to participate in activities that to do well and be able to interact with the members of his team is to create a feeling of respect, understanding and cooperation among members. In the context of Malaysian national education, extra-curricular activities is an important program for developing students' potential as a holistic mission. Thus, uniformed bodies established for the purpose of meeting the interests and to address issues of misconduct among adolescents such as substance abuse, truancy, loitering and juvenile culture. Therefore, the development of leadership at the school level is important in producing students who are competent and have the added value of identity as meet the challenges of the future.

Nursing is one of the most crucial health care jobs for any country. The main goal of the study was to determine the job satisfaction of nurses and to explore the factors which play significant role in their job satisfaction. This was cross sectional study. Sample was proportionally allocated to relative hospital sizes. There were 449 nurses selected from six public sector hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Descriptive and inferential analyses were done to explore the job satisfaction level of nurses across various classifications. Moreover, using multiple logistic regression different logit models were developed in order to find the predictive strength of job satisfaction using different predictors.

The phenomenal growth of retail in India is reflected in the rapid increase in number of supermarkets, departmental stores and hypermarkets in the country. However, this unperfected growth trend has been challenged by the shadow of the current economic slowdown, which has raised a fear of dip in consumption and slowdown of growth for Indian organized retailers. At a time when consumer spending is on decline, success will lie with those retailers that can drive customer loyalty by responding to the demands of the discerning consumer. This study aims to know the Consumers opinion towards Department Stores in Erode City. Descriptive research design is used in this study and sample was collected from 300 respondents through structured questionnaire. The collected data was tabulated and analyzed using statistical tools like simple percentage method and Chi-square test

Since in Iranian university context, reading comprehension is the most important skill to be acquired by the students, this study wanted to show whether implementing pre-, while-, and post-reading activities has a significant impact on Iranian EFL Learners’ reading proficiency or not. 28 sophomore students at Islamic Azad University in Lahijan (Iran) participated in this study and were divided into two groups: experimental and control group. The former received teaching reading activities such as deducting, inferring, note-taking, etc. as the treatment while the latter did not receive such a treatment. The treatment proved to be effective, that is, the experimental group surpassed the control group according to the post-test. Finally, it is hoped that material developers, teachers and testers will benefit from the findings of this study.

The paper attempts at introducing Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) as an advanced analytical technique in the area of social and behavioural research. Although other multivariate analytical techniques are equally being employed by the social and behavioural scientist, SEM provides a more holistic analysis and handles complex models. A literature review was conducted and consequently, the procedure, merits and demerits of SEM were revealed. It was concluded that the SEM is superior to other multivariate analytical techniques such as Analysis of Variance, Multivariate Analysis of Variance, Factor Analysis and Regressions.