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In the present investigation the methanol extract of the flowers of the medicinal plant Couroupita guianensis was evaluated for its antimicrobial efficacy and phytochemical contents. The results of the antimicrobial activity showed effective inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Vibrio mimicus, and Proteus vulgaris. Moderate antimicrobial activity was recorded against E.coli, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the flower extract of this plant showed the presence of phytoconstituents such as carbohydrates, protein, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, reducing sugar and triterpenoids. The alkaloids present in the crude flower extracts of this plant Couroupita guianensis is profoundly expected for its potential antimicrobial activity.

A variable frequency and variable phase function generator with three outputs of (1) reference f_O (2) lead phase f_O + Æ₁ and (3) lag  phase f_O - Æ₂, is described in this paper. The leading phase difference Æ₁ is continuously adjustable over 0 to 180^o by an input control voltage V_C1 and the lagging phase difference Æ₂ is also continuously adjustable over 0 to -180^o by an another input control voltage V_C2, independent of frequency of operation of the function generator which can be set by a third control input dc voltage –V_I

This paper is designed to educate many Nigerians and and foreigners alike on the meaning, relevance and modalities for acquiring patent rights in Nigeria because of the ignorance displayed by many Nigerians and foreigners resident in Nigeria in this area of the law. Patents rights depend for their recognition on compliance with certain formalities. Patents are registered rights and these rights are only enforceable when they have been granted. Registered patent rights, may be proved simply by producing the certificate of grant. The onus rests on the person who wishes to attack the validity of the registration of a patent to prove the invalidity. In Nigeria, legislation on patent rights is obsolete. Ineffective implementation is another problem. As a result, Nigeria is a choice destination for counterfeit products from all over the world. Consequently inventors are discouraged and the government loses revenue from taxes. The flaws in the system have been examined and recommendations have been made.

Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction named Ogilvie’s syndrome, is a distinct form of colonic dilatation without evidence of underlying mechanical or anatomic cause. Despite the absence of an obstructing lesion, colonic distention can be rapidly progressive and lead to necrosis and perforation of the large bowel. CT scan is the most useful imaging CT images helps to differentiate colonic pseudo obstruction from other causes of obstruction. We present a case of Ogilvie’s syndrome, with typical imaging features.

Iron oxide nanoparticles with TiO2 with PVA were synthesized by co- precipitation. Removal efficiency of iron, manganese and copper in wastewater by nano iron oxide after treatment was 91.10 %, 82.66 % and 94.03 %, respectively. Removal efficiency of Fe, Mn and Cu in synthesized solution after treatment was 91.42 %, 92.96 % and 90.81% respectively. Reduction percent of nitrate and phosphate in wastewater after treatment was observed to be 87.65 % and 91.07 % respectively. B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) indicated that PVA became more reactive as metals oxides are interacted with it as blending and complexing or both types of interaction.

An activated carbon modified by impregnation with manganese (IV) oxide nanoparticle was prepared and used in for the adsorption of methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution. Effect of operational parameters such as initial solution pH, contact time, initial dye concentration was studied. The prepared adsorbent shows good adsorption at a wide range of pH (2-10) beyond which adsorption reduces significantly. The maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at 60 min (37.00mg/g). On the thermodynamic point of view, the adsorption process was found to enthalpy-driven. Pseudo-second order kinetic model with Langmuir isotherm model best describe the adsorption process.

Globalization have become “unavoidable” African nations are Compelled to join in. It is now a new form of universal history, that is fast integrating the developing countries into the contemporary global capitalist system. However, most of their old problems still persist. Infact, globalization has aggravated most of the problems of African countries, while adding new ones. The result is the development of a complex new society, a “pre-modern” “modern” and “post-modern” society. This paper examines African culture in the face of this radical transformation, its consequences and the challenges facing African nations.

This paper is an attempt to examine the empirical evidence of International Fisher Effect (IFE) between Bangladesh and its two other major trading partners, China and India. The IFE uses interest rate differentials to explain why exchange rates change over time. A time series approach is considered to trace the relationship between nominal interest rates and exchange rates in these countries. The estimated value, by applying OLS, is used to determine the casual relationship between interest rates and exchange rates for quarterly data from 4th Quarter, 1995 to the 2nd Quarter, 2008. The empirical results suggest that there is a little correlation between exchange rates and interest rates differential for Bangladesh with China and Bangladesh with India, and the relationship between the variables is also not noteworthy for Bangladesh. Further, the trends advocate that the forecasting of exchange rates with the hypothesis of IFE is not realistic for these countries.

This paper analysed the issues of market access, trade agreements of trade and environment on sustainable forest management towards sustainable development. Sustainable forest management is a part of sustainable development. It is a controlling system that participates and stabilities societal, monetary, environmental, racial and mystical requirements to current and forthcoming peers. Firstly, we discussed the market access and trade agreements of trade and environment on sustainable development. Secondly, we analysed the criteria & indicators for sustainable forest management in Malaysia. Finally, we related the sustainable forest management through sustainable development of trade and environment. The purposes of this learning were to high light and simplify the analysing of trade and environment on sustainable development. This study found the potential impacts of the development of market access, trade agreements, criteria & indicators for sustainable forest management and sustainable development in Malaysia.

In this study, physicochemical properties of Gilgel Gibe-I hydroelectric Dam water were investigated. Water samples were collected three times per day, from six sampling sites of the Dam. Physicochemical parameters including pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), Temperature and Turbidity were determined in situ, whereas, other parameters such as alkalinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), total suspended solid (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate, nitrate, chloride, fluoride and heavy metals like Fe, Cu, Zn, Co and Cd were analyzed by FAAS in the laboratory. The finding of the study revealed that some physicochemical properties such as pH, EC, turbidity and nitrate of the studied water samples were exceeding WHO permissible limit for surface water and only Fe were investigated in the sample and within permissible limit domestic purposes. But, the remaining studied parameters are below the permissible range prescribed in WHO guideline for the surface water.