Pharmacy

A novel series of 6-Chloro-3-(2-morpholino methyl amino)-6-substituted phenyl pyrimidine-4-yl-2H-chromone-2-one (CT₁M–CT₅M), 3-(2-((piperidine-1-yl)methylamino)-6-substituted phenylpyrimidin-4-yl)- 6-Chloro- 2H- chromone -2- one (CT₁P–CT₅P) have been synthesized from 3-(2-amino-6-pyrimidin-4-yl)-6-chloro-2H-chromen-2-one (CT₁-CT₅) which were synthesized from 3-acetyl-6-Chloro-2H-chromen-2-one (3). The structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by I. R., ¹H NMR spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds were screened for in-vitro antimicrobial activity at a 25, 50, 100 and 200 mcg concentrations. Among them, compounds CT₂M, CT₃M, CT₅M, CT₂P, CT₃P and CT₅P exhibited significant antibacterial activity against P.aeruginosa and S.aureus comparable with standard drug Ampicillin trihydrate. Compounds CT₁M, CT₂M, CT₃M, CT₅M, CT₂P, and CT₅P exhibited significant antifungal activity against P.chrysogenum and A.niger comparable with standard drug Fluconazole using cup-plate method. Compounds have been further evaluated by measuring zone of inhibition and percent inhibition.

Ayurveda has two main aims one is to maintain health and the second is to cure disease. The branch of rasayana or rejuvenation is one of the eight specialized branches of Ayurveda that primarily deals with the maintenance of health. Rasayana is defined as any herb, food, or activity which confers youthfulness and cures diseases. If taken in a proper way, the rasayana prevents early aging and keeps you young and active both physically and mentally. Rasayana is a special type of treatment containing various methods of rejuvenation. It derives from 'Rasa' and 'Ayana.' The literal meaning of Rasa is the essence of something. Anything ingested into the body in the form of food or medicine is first resynthesized into Rasa Dhatu, the basic plasma tissue. Ayana is the method by which Rasa is carried to all the body tissues for biochemical metamorphosis (Rasakriya). The concept of Rasayana is based on these two principles of conservation and transmutation of energy. Rasayana therapy strives to improve physical, mental and moral Qualities. It prevents old age, restores youthfulness, improves the complexion and the voice, increases physical strength and immunity. It strengthens memory and intelligence, gives happiness to oneself, and a life which is beneficial to others.

The increase in the interest in targeted delivery of drug to the colon via the oral route. The colon is a site where both local and systemic delivery of drugs can take place. Local delivery could, for example, allow topical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment could be made more effective if it were possible for drugs to be targeted directly on the colon. Systemic side effects could also be reduced. Colon specific systems might also allow oral administration of peptide and protein drugs, which are normally inactivated in the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Colon-specific systems could also be used in diseases that have diurnal rhythms. To achieve successful colonic delivery continuous efforts have been focused on designing colon-specific delivery systems with improved site specificity and versatile drug release kinetics to accommodate different therapeutic needs. Among the systems developed for colon-specific delivery, four systems were unique in terms of achieving in vivo site specificity, design rationale, and feasibility of the manufacturing process i.e. coating with pH-sensitive polymers, formulation of timed released systems, exploitation of carriers that are degraded specifically by colonic bacteria, and osmotic controlled drug delivery systems. The focus of this review is to provide detailed descriptions of the four systems, and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of colon-specific drug delivery systems.

Nardostachys jatamansi DC is used by Mary to anoint Jesuss feet and mentioned Holy Quran and Bible besides evolutionary ideas in Ayurveda. The plant abounds in sesquiterpenes predominantly; jatamansone and nardostachone. The plant has demonstrated several pharmacological activities including hepatoprotective, cardio protective and hypolipidemic and antifungal. The significant effect is on the central nervous system, as diverse pharmacological actions, ranging from sedative to nootropic have been reported. Animal and clinical research with jatamansone, the active principle of the plant, has justified hypno-sedative claim of Ayurveda. The review summarizes, phytochemical and pharmacological investigations carried out on the plant.

The preparations available in the market for the treatment diseases have several disadvantages like greasiness, inconvenient to store and requires applicator or use of fingertip, which may lead to contamination. Therefore, it was found essential to find an alternative to counter all the above disadvantages effectively and hence in the present work, formulation and development of medicated derma sticks has been planned with the drug, salicylic acid that has keratolytic activity. The preparation and characterization of medicated sticks was carried out in four phases. Phase I studies includes optimization of non medicated sticks using the ointment bases with varied concentrations of waxes which is done by measuring the parameters like weight, thickness and length. From these parameters optimized formula is screened out. Phase II studies involves incorporation of medicament in the optimized formula by heating and congealing process. Phase III studies includes characterization of prepared medicated sticks for weight variation, thickness, length, size, shape and drug content uniformity. Phase IV studies involves in vitro drug diffusion studies by using prehydrated cellophane membrane for 160 minutes in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer showed an excellent drug release. Primary skin irritation studies carried out on guinea pigs, showed no sensitization and edema on skin after 72 hrs of application. Stability studies conducted for a period of 3 weeks and FT-IR Spectral analysis conducted. The results of present study revealed that the prepared medicated sticks of salicylic acid are convenient, equally effective, without any contamination chances on application and free from skin irritation.

The statins (or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) along with other drugs, such as cholestyramine (Questran), comprise the class of hypolipidemic drugs. Hypolipidemic drugs are prescribed - sometimes aggressively so - to lower cholesterol levels in people with or at risk of cardiovascular disease and certain inflammatory diseases such as sarcoidosis. Statins are prescribed even though their full mechanisms of action remain unclear. One strong possibility is that statins exert their effects via the body's nuclear receptors, which are intricately connected to innate immune function. The statins have a range of documented negative effects, some of which may be immunopathological. Because statins may interfere with the Marshall Protocol, these drugs are contraindicated. Statins interfere with the actions of Olmesartan, as they are a very similar molecule, and compete with Olmesartan for many of Olmesartan's molecular binding sites. The actions of statins on the Nuclear Receptors are therefore competitive with Olmesartan, as they reduce or negate Olmesartan's therapeutic activities.

Diabetes is a common illness, according to the unique assessments of ayurvedic concepts diabetes is the disease which occurs when toxins get accumulated in the tissue and result in circulation blockage. The various root causes of diabetes that ayurveda enlists are poor nutrition and poor digestion, inequity of nervous system, physical and mental stress, and disturbance in natural biological cycle. Many traditional medical systems have developed strategies to treat this condition. The alternative therapy most commonly used to treat diabetes is herbal therapy, which therefore become the primary focus of this review. The objective of this article is to conduct a search of the published literature on the use of Ayurvedic medicines for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. A broad search of Ayurvedic medicines showed that there was sufficient literature to support a systematic review of the use of Ayurvedic plants for the treatment of diabetes.

In the present study, the defatted successive ethyl acetate and methanol extracts from Artocarpus heterophyllus leaf were evaluated for their protective effects on paracetamol-induced liver damage in Wistar albino rats. Serum biochemical parameters viz. serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP), total protein, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides were evaluated. All biochemical findings indicated that both the test extracts exerted significant hepatoprotective efficacy against paracetamol-induced hepatic damage in rats. The methanol extract was found to be more effective than the ethyl acetate extract. Therefore, from the present study it can be concluded that A. heterophyllus leaf had remarkable hepatoprotective activity in rats.

Ebola is a deadly disease caused by a virus. There are five strain, and four of them can make people sick. After entering the body, it kills cells, making some of them explode. It wrecks the immune system, causes heavy bleeding inside the body, and damages almost every organ. The virus is scary, but it also rare. You can get it only from direct contact with infected persons body fluids. The on-going Ebola outbreak in the West African countries is so far the worst in the history of the deadly disease. The virus seems to have gripped the world's interest due to its destructive potential, claiming nearly 7000 lives in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea -- worst-hit Ebola nations in West Africa. Although a few cases of Ebola have been reported from Australia, America and other nations of the world, no positive cases of Ebola virus in India have been reported till date. According to the WHO reports, on an average, 80% of the people infected with this virus do die. Their death is usually due to a drop in their blood pressure and failure of organs.

Recent investigation was performed to explore the cytotoxic activity of various extracts from the leaves of Adina Cordifolia against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cell lines using different In-vitro cytotoxic assay at 200µg/ml. Results found that acetone and ethanol extract exhibited significant cytotoxic activity, but higher cytotoxic activity was found in acetone extract.