Social Sciences

For decades the issue of pregnancy has been thought of as a woman's domain. For this reason, some expectant men not only show little concern but engage in illicit sexual activities or affairs. The study aimed at investigating the sexual behaviors among expectant fathers in urban areas and it focused on the sex seeking behaviors among the same group; the factors influencing the expectant fathers’ engaging in affairs during their wives’ pregnancies as well as the consequences of the said sexual behaviors. A total of 136 expectant fathers or men participated in the study. The study adopted the descriptive and exploratory research design. Data was collected using a questionnaire and was analyzed using the chi-square statistic and presented using frequencies and percentages. The study found out that age, religion and employment status of the respondents had no effect on the respondent’s participation in sexual activities when their wives were expecting.

Child Second Language Acquisition is one of the sub-areas in second language studies. Bilingualism is also considered to be an advantageous concept in terms of social, economic and educational contributions. In child language acquisition, imperatives are among the commonly used utterances that ask children to carry out a certain direction. In this research it is aimed to give information about child SLA and to show the contributions of the use of ‘Imperatives’ in child SLA. The study is a qualitative narrative research design. At the end of three months, Eren is able to carry out the exercised directions in English.

The present study carried out among 50 respondents from ten self help groups in Dakshina Kannada district with the help of purposive sampling method. The study focused on the socio-economic development achieved and the areas of empowerment among the SHG members. The potential of self help group is widening the social involvement of the respondents, is evident from the fact that 67 percent of the respondents had not participated in public meetings before joining self help groups but all the respondents are participating in various kinds of public meetings. The participation in self help groups did show significant impact on some of the key decision-making areas of family life such as family planning, children’s marriage and sending girl child to school. The results reveal that majority (88 percent) of the respondents could take decisions with regard to family planning, 66 percent had a say in their children’s marriage. With regard to sending girl child to school 78 percent of the respondents could express their view. Majority (82 percent) of the respondents revealed that in all other decisions of the family they were consulted. The overwhelming responses of the respondents, clearly speaks of the change within themselves and their influence among the community members. There are still grey areas of concern where the intervention of social work practitioners are felt, especially in terms of creating a better understanding of their role in the intricate family matters and decision making processes. Gandhi’s concept of Community Development through Woman Empowerment can be a reality with the strides in the right direction ahead.

Co-curricular activities can form the development of intellectual, emotional, social and moral of the students. Skill of communication skill also can be honed through the involvement of students in co-curricular activities. Therefore, the study is about the influence of co-curricular activities on student’s communication skill. The result of the study is from the analysis of data that was got from reading material like journals of previous researches and books.

The present study aims to investigate whether upper-intermediate Iranian EFL learners can benefit from developing positive attitude toward learning English as an EFL. 32 female language learners from Shokoh-e-Andisheh language institute in Babolsar, were chosen as the participants of the study. The results of the study indicated that there is a significant relationship between language attitude and success in language learning of upper intermediate Iranian EFL learners.

Satisfaction as one of the most important principles of public participation in rural development is considered, this research was done for study the Effect of Social and economic impact in improving of rural administrators performance for rural residents satisfaction. in this study bases Social of individuals in three dimensions, age, education and social stratification, and economic base in two dimensions, revenue and jobs in improving the performance of rural administrators for rural residents satisfaction were examined. Research methodology was based on descriptive -Analytical methods and parametric tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Means Plots and Independent simplest test by use SPSS software. Questionnaire measuring tool for collection the data from 267 households sample from 11 villages was used, which samples were selected by using of Cochran formula through simple random sampling method. The findings showed that between total Social base factors (age, education and social stratification); four rural administrators in 40-30 years age of rural administrators group, and with 3.20 average, two rural administrators with bachelor's degree and 3.32 average and seven rural administrators in upper stratum of society with 2.95 average and economic base in earnings dimension according to Leuven test (because Fisher’s significance level was lower than 0.05), in dimension of job, except administrators, the most additive effect was related to performance of administrators; according to significant level (more than 5%) performance of rural administrators had a decreasing effect in performing their duties to the satisfaction of rural residents and finally in analysis of general performance of rural administrators bases on rural resident’s view according to Anova test, Bagher Abad-e- Olia, Tang-e- Shohan-e- Olia and Siahkhor villages had a best performance with 3.45, 3.18 and 3.02 average respectively, and in lower ranking, Anjyrak and Gorgi villages had a lower performance between villages of Hassan Abad rural zone for satisfaction of rural residents with 2.7 and 2.47 means respectively.

Previous perspectives have indicated that self disclosure is an indication of intimate relationships. The high incidence of broken homes, non working and unhealthy interpersonal relationships, and multiple partners menace among adolescents around the world, in the recent times require that concerted efforts be geared towards an understanding of the root causes of this problem. This is particularly so because children of such broken homes are often mal-adjusted and constitute problems to the society. This study therefore examined the effects of sexual self esteem and sexual self assertiveness on sexual self disclosure among heterosexual adolescents in Nigeria. A sample of 172 Nigeria undergraduate students randomly selected from among the undergraduate students of the University of Ado Ekiti, Nigeria; whose mean age is 28.2 was used. Four hypotheses were tested and it was found out that sexual self esteem is not a significant factor affecting sexual self disclosure [F(1) 164 = .311, P>.05 ]. It was also revealed that sexual self assertiveness is a significant factor affecting sexual self disclosure [F(1) 164 = 16.594, P<.05]. And it was found out that there is no significant interaction effect of sexual self esteem and sexual self assertiveness on sexual self disclosure among heterosexual adolescents in Nigeria [F(1) 164 =.456, P>.05]. No significant relationship was also found between sexual self esteem and sexual self assertiveness [r(168) =.060, P>.01]. The findings were discussed in light of available literature and it was recommended that sexuality education should be included in schools curricular to enhance the acquisition of sexual life skills for the communication of sex related issues and boost a healthy sexual and interpersonal relationships.

Implementation of generic skill in co-curriculum activities among student is to enable the country to realize National Education Philosophy in the context of producing student balanced in term of physical, emotional, spiritual, intellectual and social which will be more competitive in the advent of a borderless world. Therefore, the direction of this writing is to unravel the relationship between curriculums with generic skills in producing high-quality graduates.

The central aim of this study was to investigate the comparative effect of process-oriented approach vs. product-oriented approach in teaching ESP writing within the specific domain of banking English in-service training. The forty participants of the present study were selected from among 50bank staff taking part in upper intermediate level of banking English courses held in the educational department of Export Development Bank of Iran. Following the treatment, which lasted 8 weeks, two 90-minute sessions per week, altogether 24 hours of instruction, a post test of ESP writing, which was the same the pretest, was administered to the learners of both experimental groups. The outcome of the posttest data analysis clarified that both product and process-oriented approaches significantly affect the improvement in the ESP writing ability of the in-service trainees taking part in an ESP course of banking English writing. Meanwhile, it was revealed that the process-based group outperformed the product-based group on the posttest of ESP writing indicating that there was a significant difference between the two groups’ mean scores on the posttest of ESP writing. It was thus concluded that there was a significant difference between process-oriented and product-oriented approaches in teaching ESP writing to the banking English in-service training students.

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that hinder the effective selection and use of recommended instructional practices in Citizenship Education through History and Government at the secondary school level. The study adopted qualitative research with a multiple case study design. Data was collected using observation schedule, interview schedule and focus group discussion guide. Data was analyzed using grounded theory and constant comparative technique. The study findings indicate that, inadequacy in instructional resources has a major effect on the selection and use of recommended instructional practices in Citizenship Education. The study thus recommends for an endeavor by the government, school administration and History and Government teachers in the availing of adequate instructional resources.