Educational Technology

The major purpose and target of every education activity is to enhance students’ learning. The present paper is an analysis of literature available in the field of techniques that motivate students for learning. For this purpose the available related literature was reviewed. Motivation is considered a permanent tool for students’ success in learning. The sources of motivation can be influenced by external factors as well as internal. On these bases motivation may be extrinsic or intrinsic. However, the intrinsic motivation is more responsible for motivating students for learning. Educators may give heed to the arousing o intrinsic motivation and they may consider this motivation in designing their instruction by incorporating motivational techniques in their in instruction.

Physical exercise provide immense help in assisting an individual to seek his all round growth and development in all the personal dimensions including the union of his self with the greater soul. Physical exercise is based on philosophy that is practical and for our day to day living. Physical exercise produces desirable physiological changes and has sound scientific basis. Physical exercise is the only technique through which the body of any human being can be healthy without any trainer, equipment and medicine. Thus, my purpose of this paper makes an attempt to analyse the role and importance of physical exercise in modern times of 21st Century as well as its effect on human being in this contemporary times. Physical exercise influences cognitive emotional, learning and neurophysiological domains both directly and indirectly, thereby rendering it as essential that this non-invasive, nonpharmacological intervention ought to form a part of children’s and adolescents long-term health programs. Several manifestation of physical exercise providing health benefits for children and adolescents are evident in healthy and functional muscles and bones, increased strength and endurance, angiogenesis and neurogenesis, the reduces risk for chronic disease such as overweight and diabetes, improve self-esteem and psychological well-being and finally higher levels of subjective and psychological well-being as well as reduces stress, anxiety and depression.

Education relevance in any given country is anchored in its philosophy of education. The Kenyan philosophy of education advocates for provision of a holistic education and training that promotes all the domains of learning. However, in practice academically oriented learning is emphasized focusing on cognitive domain while passively imparting the psychomotor and affective domains. This article reports on data from a study that sought to explore the perceptions on the relevance Nyerere’s philosophy of education towards the academically oriented university education in Kenya for sustainable economic development. The research adopted a case study research design. Data was collected from one Dean of students, 5 Coordinators of campuses, 586 fourth education students and 22 lecturers from Kisii University selected using saturated, purposive and simple random sampling techniques. The data was collected using questionnaires and interviews. The items in the questionnaires were tested for content validity and reliability by means of a pilot study in one of the campuses that was not included in the sample. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results of the study revealed that university education was perceived as over-reliant on academic qualifications while neglecting practical learning and values. The study recommended that to offer holistic education require embracing ideals of Nyerere’s philosophy of education in line with the original intended objectives of 8-4-4 curriculum in Mackay report and the current needs of the country to produce liberated self- reliant individuals.

This study was a quantitative one that aimed at examining any probable relationship between two fundamental constructs in the area of language pedagogy. These constructs were EFL teacher’S self-efficacy and tacher empowerment. The participants of this study were 80 female and male language EFL teachers who were working at ten language institutes in Shiraz, Marvdasht and Zarghan. They were selected via convenience sampling method due to some restrictions. The study was conducted utilizing two questionnaires. There was an efficacy scale by of Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk Hoy (2001) and an empowerment questionnaire by Short and Rienehart (1992). To obtain the result, the researchers run Pearson Correlation. The result showed a significant correlation between the two constructs at 0.05.

In school, there are many students who struggle with mathematics tests. They seem to understand mathematics concepts but when it comes to tests, they often fail almost in every test. They will make mistakes or seem to forget everything they have been taught. The objective of this study was set to establish effect of test anxiety on students’ number of errors in mathematics. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study aimed at collecting information from students’ on their perception and opinion in relation to factors that causes errors in mathematics in Keiyo North, Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. The target population composed of all Form 2 and 3 students’ drawn from 21 public secondary schools in Keiyo North, Elgeyo Marakwet County, Kenya. A sample of 237 Form 2 and 3 was selected by simple random sampling. Data was collected by a student’s questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques which are frequencies, mean, standard deviation. The study recommends that students should seek assistance where they experience difficulty so as to reduce test anxiety during tests which makes them commit errors. It is necessary for students to avoid missing lessons so as to master the concepts in Mathematics and reduce the number of errors. As a result, it is imperative for schools to avail revision text books to students and is utmost necessary for students to do their homework assignments and work the tasks before looking at the solutions.

Co-curriculum is the activity where the activities are designed outside from the classroom that gives opportunities for students to increase their strengthens of knowledge, skills and value that their learned in the classroom. Each student either from a government school or non-government is required to take at least one uniform activity, an association or club activity and a sports or game activity. The main goal of co-curriculum implementation in education is to build physical, intellectual and emotional, strengthening relationships and interactions among students, increase interest and talent of the students, build awareness on religion, balancing spiritual, improving discipline, creating a healthy school culture, and enhance cooperation among the student in their groups.

In the relational experiences it is by the adult who is dependent the performance of the report and its intensity. These experiences are fundamental in the development of personality and academic skills, helping the student to face major evolutionary transitions in the school. If the teacher will show willing and able to read and respond appropriately to the messages and demands of the child, he will improve development of social relationships with peers, the academic skills such as attention, motivation, self-esteem, emotional intelligence and self-regulation. The adult must be able to communicate acceptance and emotional warmth, offer help, regulate the child's behavior.

Match analysis is a major subject among coaches, team managers and sport scientists and it is gaining an increasing relevance day by day. Information and the relevant data processing are the key factors while referring to this aspect of the sports training methodology. In India Kabaddi is a major sport, which is played all over the India. The present study attempts to design and develop a digital match analysis system for Kabaddi matches. The data were collected during South Zone Inter-University Kabaddi tournament for men 2010-2011 held at Karnataka University, Dharward was used for analysis. After getting various inputs from experts and literature, the investigators had designed and developed a digital match analysis system. A survey was conducted among 15 Coaches, Physical Educators, Players and officials which revealed that the 16 factors which are essential for analysing the performance of the team & individual. This study was a preliminary work and needs testing at all levels. It was also concluded that the result of the study may be very much helpful to the Physical Educationists and Coaches in enhancing the performance level of the Kabaddi players. The outcome of the study may act as a tool to analyse the team & individual performance in the game of Kabaddi.

Children are like white cloth that parents need to make, to become a nation's next generation. Early childhood education is crucial in determining the direction of their lives in the future. However, many do not know how to make children in the right form. The study aims to expose the society to the early form of early childhood education based on early childhood education theory of Islam and the West. The concept of early childhood education is divided into two stages. The first stage starts from 0 to 3 years, and the second level starts from 3 to 6 years. There are three theories that need to be incorporated to formulate the curriculum for early childhood education namely behavioral theory, theoretical behavioral theory and constructivist theory. This study is a form of information gathering through sources of books and journals related to early childhood education in Malaysia. The summary of the literature review finds that early childhood education needs to be emphasized by parents who are the first teachers at 0 to 3 years with the support of preschoolers from 3 to 6 years so that the generation of brilliant generations can begin early on.

Teaching of Physics at secondary level of education is most crucial. Secondary education is a decisive stage of individual’s entire academic tenure; at this level any ambiguity regarding concepts may deprive an individual intellectually and potentially. Keeping importance of physics in view this study was intended to develop module based on some innovative practices to teach physics effectively. The objectives of this research were to analyze the current methods of content presentation of physics, commonly used to teach in secondary level classroom and to develop a concept maps for content presentation of physics for secondary level students.