Marketing

Bullwhip effect is a phenomenon of increase in variation of demand as one move up the supply chain. Bullwhip effect has adverse effects on the sustainable growth of the industries. Bullwhip effect is very predominant in case of seasonal products. In this paper author has identified the major factors that affects the Bullwhip effect, and has derived a Multi-level model of these factors, on the basis of their contextual relationship, using Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) technique.

This study aims to examine the response of female fashion shoppers towards the mall atmosphere. A total of 100 female students conveniently sampled at a higher learning institution in Federal Territory of Labuan, Malaysia, served as the sample. Results from regression analysis revealed that the mall atmospherics positively influence hedonic shopping value and approach behaviour among all female shopper fashion clusters. It seems that fashion forward shoppers are not responding any better than female shoppers on the low end of the fashion spectrum. This study produced evidence suggesting that store environment triggers affective reactions in customers. The paper rounds off with conclusions and an agenda for future research in this area.

Loyalty to the brand is very important subject from marketing strategy perspective, especially as current markets are marked by its passing through a so high mature phase and intensive competition, whereas keeping the customers loyal to the brand is very crucial for the survival and continuity of the organization. Brand-loyal consumers may be willing to pay more for a brand. This strategy considered a more effective and efficient way than attracting a new customer. Similarly, brand loyalty leads to greater market share when the same brand is repeatedly purchased by loyal consumers consequently; the brand is the sole distinguishing factor among competing and similar products. Hence a study is made on brand loyalty of Hair oil among college students.

Internal Marketing (IM) by definition distinguished between an organization and its environment and focuses only on intra organizational affaires. However, globalization and a knowledge-driven environment have produced a global networked economy with blurred boundaries between global companies and their requirements. This research assumed its paramount important in being a maiden attempt to unearth the nuances, antecedents, factors and consequences of ‘Internal Marketing strategy for competitive advantage’. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) sector is the growth engine of Indian economy. Present research in order to investigate factors internal marketing behaviors internal customers (Employees) in private motor pump industries, domestic marketing as the reason for confidence-building, job satisfaction and loyalty of employees examine and test. The research questionnaire of literature and research questionnaire derived from the standard. This study reveals that the pump manufacturing units of the city has adopted a systematic global marketing strategy and follows uninterrupted logistic and supply chain system. This study also highlights certain marketing issues which are related to pump manufacturing units.The research indicates: Internal marketing and the trust managers, job satisfaction and loyalty internal customers’ positive relationship and meaningful.

The paper analyzed the socio economic characteristics of charcoal marketers in Bodija market of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data was used for the study. The data was collected using structured questionnaires administered to 57 charcoal marketers from different parts of the market. Data were collected on the socio-economic characteristics of the marketers such as age, marital status, educational status, gender, cost and returns. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data and regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between gross margin and socio economic characteristics of the marketers. The result indicated that most of the marketers fall between two age groups which are the active age group (21-40 years) and the aged ( >50 years). Female (73.7%) dominated charcoal market in the study area. Similarly, 73.7% of the marketers were married and used the business to support their home. One- fourth of the marketers have no formal education. Majority has primary and secondary school education (68.4%) and only 7% has tertiary education. Marketing is very important for any marketers to flourish in charcoal business with a minimum of 1-5 years experience. Yoruba is the dominating tribe in charcoal business in the study area. Wholesalers (42.1%), retailers (29.8%) and those that act as both wholesalers and retailers altogether, that is, wholesaler/retailers (26.3%) are mostly found actively engaged in charcoal business in the study area with only 1.8% of the producer/ processors. Charcoal market association is very strong in the study area as 98.2% of the marketers are aware of the association and fully participate as members. Sex, marital status and amount of capital set up owned by the marketers have significant impacts on the gross margin realized in the business. It is therefore recommended that there should be the creation of proper awareness on the prospect of charcoal business among young people; this will be an avenue to alleviate the scourge of unemployment in the study area and in the country at large.

In this article, we try to explain the concepts of the words like sustainable development, human development, and social capital and analyze the role of human sources for development and performing development programs by considering the model of development on the base of entrepreneurial. for this purpose, we express the scientists' point of view about entrepreneurial in the organizations of public section and in addition of connecting the concepts of human development and sustainable development with entrepreneurial in government, we consider and criticize the programs of reforming administrative structure and management in the third development program by considering development model on the base of entrepreneurial.

The stock market is one of the important financial sectors of the economy that affect it by various forms. Form the view of many experts, the importance of financial sector development emanates from the point that, an efficient financial sector has a key role in mobilizing financial resources for investment, encouraging the entry of foreign investment and optimizing resource allocation mechanism. This study investigates the relationship between inflation and stock market development in Iran during the spring of 1999 up to in late summer of 2008. According to characteristics of the Iranian economy, the used model was based on Boyd, Levine and Smith (2001) models. We first used a linear model to control other economic factors that may have correlations with the performance of financial market. Then the threshold regression has been used to show the nonlinear relationship between inflation and financial market development. In this model, different thresholds have been considered for inflation. With attention to considered variables, the conditional least squares method (CLS) was used to estimate the model, which, by minimizing squares of errors, is a good criterion for selecting the optimal inflationary threshold. The results showed that, in the studied period, first, there is a positive relationship between inflation and indicators of stock market development and second, there is no threshold for effect of inflation on stock market.

Describes a study performed in Leicestershire, United Kingdom to develop a reliable and valid scale for the measurement of the perceived service quality of bank services. The Cooperative Bank (CB) and Islamic Bank of Britain (IBB) which located in Leicester, UK. The location has been chosen as a sample for the research field study. A sample of retail banking customers in the Cooperative Bank and Islamic Bank of Britain was surveyed through a questionnaire. The proposed scale is called SERVQUAL and comprises 33 items named ‘CARTER’ with six dimensions (Compliance, Assurance, Reliability, Tangible, Empathy and Responsiveness), which customized for suitability of The Cooperative Bank and Islamic Bank of Britain. The Cooperative Bank and Islamic Bank of Britain were chosen because the both of banks is identified to have a different operational principles as compared to other conventional bank in the UK. The Cooperative Bank is recognized and operated its businesses according to the ethical values, while Islamic Bank of Britain has a similarities feature, where the business is run on Islamic Law. In this research the empathy dimension was chosen and will be analyzed to find its similarities in mean value and ranking for IBB and CB. The data gathered, which were derived from customers of The Cooperative Bank and Islamic Bank of Britain through questionnaire and was analyzed by using SPSS. The mean value of each banks will be compared in term of their perception in the given issues. The results indicated that the similarities were found in CB and IBB in the empathy dimension with the same ranking (1) in item of Confidence in banks management, on the other hand the similarities in the mean value also found with CB occupied the mean value 3.47 while IBB at 3.48.

Marketing is intensifying as the various sectors recognize the marketing contributes to the improved performance in the market place. The markets offers a variety Tupperware to consumer. The media plays a vital role in helping manufactures to promote and find marke for their products. The focus is trying to capture the market by motivating consumer and not the market. Hence a complete understanding as the consumer’s preference their attributes to a particular brand is necessary. This research therefore aims at finding to the reason behind why consumers in the society are willing to use Tupperware brand

Due to major changes taken place in the banking system of Iran, Bank Mellat has faced new challenges: restructuring state sectors into private ones through privatization, an increase in their rivals, the intense competition to obtain more market share, bringing about more expenses and costs as to four bank deposits, etc., has led the bank to tends to increase the commission (the income from services’ commission). In this paper, the researcher has collected the required information through interviews with experts as well as scientific and library studies.the purpose of this study is Taken defensiv strategy of prioritizing the capacity of banks to earn fee income from providing services using analytic hierarchy process. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a structured technique for dealing with complex decisions that was developed by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1980 year. It provides a comprehensive and rational framework for structuring a decision problem, for representing and quantifying its elements, for relating those elements to overall goals, and for evaluating alternative solutions. The base of this model is comparing variables by pair wise by Matrix relationship. In this way, pair wise of the effective variables on the prioritizing the capacity of banks were considered and based on relative weights the output was extent. In the present research, combination of Indexing system Method with Analytical Hierarchy Process has been applied to assess the prioritizing the capacity of banks. By this process. The findings of the research show that the issue of fees based on the separation of non-shared with 0/179 point and Trying to customer satisfaction with 0/117 point are located in first and second rank.